摘要
以黄瓜品种‘津优101’(Jinyou101)为试材,于2020年5-9月在南京信息工程大学人工气候室开展人工环境控制实验,以探明高温高湿复合灾害对设施黄瓜产量形成的影响机理。利用温度、湿度、持续时间三因素进行正交试验设计,昼温/夜温设置32℃/22℃、35/25℃、38℃/28℃和41℃/31℃共4个水平,空气相对湿度设置50%、70%和90%共3个水平(湿度变化范围控制在±5个百分点),持续时间设计3、6、9和12d。以昼温28℃/夜温18℃、空气相对湿度50%±5个百分点处理为对照(CK)。测定叶片光合参数、叶绿素含量、顶芽内源激素含量,观测各个节位的花性分化情况及最终产量。结果表明:(1)黄瓜叶片的叶绿素总量随着处理温度的升高和胁迫时间的延长,下降幅度逐渐加大。胁迫12d后叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量达到最低值,分别较CK下降31.51%、22.62%、37.10%;(2)黄瓜叶片的Pmax(最大净光合速率)、LSP(光饱和点)、AQE(表观量子效率)值均随着高温高湿胁迫程度的加深显著降低,41℃高温处理后黄瓜叶片的LSP、AQE、Pmax值达到最低,分别较CK降低48.78%、40.00%、43.04%,日最高温度32~41℃范围内,70%空气相对湿度处理下黄瓜叶片的Pmax值高于其它湿度处理,与CK差异较小;(3)在植株花芽分化进程中,黄瓜顶芽中的ZT(反玉米素)、ABA(脱落酸)和GA3(赤霉素)含量均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,IAA含量则随着黄瓜植株的生长逐渐减小。黄瓜顶芽中的ZT、IAA、GA3含量均随着温度、胁迫天数的增加而逐渐降低,ABA含量呈反向变化。41℃高温处理结束当日,黄瓜顶芽中ZT、IAA、GA3含量分别较CK降低47.37%、26.38%、83.65%,ABA含量则较CK提高27.27%;胁迫12d后黄瓜顶芽中ZT、IAA、GA3含量达到同时期内的最低值,分别为0.07、1.11、0.75μg·g^(−1),而ABA含量则达到同时期内最高值,为1.89μg·g^(−1);(4)高温高湿胁迫提高了黄瓜各雌花产生节
To investigate the effects of high temperature and high humidity compound disasters on leaf photosynthesis and flower sex differentiation of cucumber plants,the cucumber variety"Jinyou101"was used as the test materials.The three factors orthogonal test of air temperature,air relative humidity and treatment days was conducted in the artificial climate chamber of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology from May to September 2020.Four levels of day/night temperature were set to 32℃/22℃,35℃/25℃,38℃/28℃and 41℃/31℃.The air relative humidity was set at three levels:50%,70%and 90%(±5 percent point),and the durations of treatment time were designed for 3,6,9 and 12 days.The treatments of day temperature 28℃/night temperature 18℃,air relative humidity 50%±5pp were used as control(CK).The photosynthetic parameters,chlorophyll content and endogenous hormone content of terminal bud were measured systematically,and the floral differentiation of each node and final yield were observed.The results showed that:(1)the total amount of chlorophyll in cucumber leaves decreased with the increase of temperature and the extension of stress time.After 12 days of stress,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents in cucumber leaves reached the lowest value,which decreased by 31.51%,22.62%and 37.10%compared with CK,respectively.(2)The Pmax(maximum net photosynthetic rate),LSP(light saturation point)and AQE(apparent quantum efficiency)values of cucumber leaves decreased significantly with the deepening of high temperature and humidity stress.The LSP,AQE and Pmax values of cucumber leaves at 41℃were the lowest,which were 48.78%,40.00%and 43.04%lower than those of CK,respectively.In the range of 32−41℃,the Pmax values of cucumber leaves under 70%air relative humidity were higher than those under other humidity treatments,and the differences were small compared with CK.(3)In the process of flower bud differentiation,the contents of ZT(anti-zeaxin),ABA(abscisic acid)and GA3(gibberellin)in cuc
作者
杨立
杨再强
陆思宇
张源达
郑涵
YANG Li;YANG Zai-qiang;LU Si-yu;ZHANG Yuan-da;ZHENG Han(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology,Nanjing 210044)
出处
《中国农业气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期392-407,共16页
Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology
基金
国家重点研究开发计划(2019YFD1002202)。
关键词
黄瓜
高温高湿
光合作用
内源激素
花性分化
产量
Cucumber
High temperature and humidity
Photosynthesis
Endogenous hormone
Flower sex differentiation
Yield
