摘要
《庄子》内篇之《大宗师》的篇名如何句读,又如何理解,历来众说纷纭。然而此问题的回答直接关涉对庄子思想的把握,故其意义十分重要。通过对《庄子》内篇篇名的考察,且基于张恒寿等前贤的研究成果,提出连续性选词、跳动性选词以及拟词等命名方式予以考察,认为“大宗师”之名出现的时间当在战国晚期至西汉之间;并认为《庄子》文本编辑者很可能是受到《天道》篇中“大宗师”三字的启发,借此表达庄子以道为师之意。但这种自著立场的做法恰恰与庄子思想相悖。在“物化”面前,万物一气,此之化即彼之始,始卒一环,无始无终,何来大宗?物物为宗!郭象的“无心为师”以及船山的物物可师而无不可师,消解掉了编辑者的本义与意图,却正得庄意。
There have always been different opinions on how to read and understand the title Da Zongshi(The Grand Master)in the inner chapter of Zhuang-tzu.The answer to this question,however,directly relates to the grasp of Zhuang-tzu’s ideas.Therefore,it is of very great significance.Based on the study of the titles in of the inner chapters in Zhuang-tzu and the research achievements of Zhang Hengshou and other wise scholars of the past,this paper proposes such naming methods as the continuous selection of words,the skipping selection of words and the analogous selection of words for the analysis.And it holds that the title,Da Zongshi(The Grand Master),appeared between the late Warring States Period and the West Han Dynasty and that the editors of Zhuang-tzu’s texts were most probably inspired by the three words so that they used Da Zongshi extracted from the inner chapter Tiandao(the Way of Heaven)to express the meaning that Zhuang-tzu took Tao as his model.But this self-imposed stance runs counter to Zhuang-tzu’s ideas.In front of“materialization”,all things are Qi(roughly equivalent to pneuma),the dissolving of one is the beginning of the other,the beginning and perishing constitute a link,thus,there is no beginning and no ending,and where comes“Da Zong(the grand model to follow)?Every object can be a model!Guo Xiang’s” Wu Xin Wei Shi(A person without a preoccupied heart to be modeled on)and Wang Fuzhi’s proposition that all things can be modeled on and hence nothing cannot be modeled on,dispelled the editor’s original meaning and intention,and might have rightly got at what Zhuang-tzu meant.
作者
邓辉
周蓉
DENG Hui;ZHOU Rong(College of Philosophy,Law&Political Science,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)
出处
《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期138-144,共7页
Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“最新黄老学出土文献研究”(18CZX024)。
关键词
《庄子》
“大宗师”
道
物化
Zhuang-tzu
The Grand Master
Tao
materialization
