摘要
目的使用国际采矿与金属委员会定量评估(International Mining and Metals Association,ICMM)法和职业危害风险指数(occupational hazards risk index,INDEX)法评估中国八省(自治区)小微型非煤矿山企业的矽尘暴露职业健康风险,同时确定矽尘暴露高风险岗位,比较两种评估方法的风险评估结果。方法于2018—2020年以方便抽样法抽取广东、江苏、山东、湖南、湖北、辽宁、甘肃、内蒙古8个省(自治区)的84家小微型非煤矿山企业为研究对象,开展职业卫生调查和职业危害因素检测,采用ICMM法和INDEX法对其进行职业健康风险评估,对两法标化评估结果使用kappa检验比较评估结果的一致性。结果调查企业中矽尘暴露率为57.65%(n=3440),呼吸性粉尘时间加权平均接触浓度[M(P25,P75)]为0.60(0.37,1.23)mg/m^(3),呼吸性粉尘超标率为48.83%(n=897)。风险评估结果显示,ICMM法井下和露天开采风险等级差异无统计学意义(CMHχ^(2)=0.198,P>0.05),两者标化评估等级为中等风险。ICMM法各工种间风险等级差异有统计学意义(CMHχ^(2)=54.713,P<0.05),中控工和筛分工标化评估等级为极高风险,凿岩工、破碎工、磨工和包装工标化评估等级为高风险。INDEX法井下和露天开采风险等级差异有统计学意义(CMHχ^(2)=71.228,P<0.05),井下和露天开采标化评估等级为中等风险。INDEX法各工种间风险差异有统计学意义(CMHχ^(2)=26.122,P<0.05),爆破工、破碎工、中控工、筛分工、包装工的标化评估等级为高风险,其他为中等风险。ICMM法和INDEX法总体评估结果存在正相关关系(r=0.777,P<0.01)。一致性检验结果显示,两法评估结果一致性较好(κ_(总体)=0.681,95%CI 0.652~0.709,P<0.05),各工种评估结果κ值为0.432~0.826,整体一致性在中等以上。结论2018—2020年中国八省(自治区)小微型非煤矿山企业矽尘暴露率高,接尘岗位呼吸性粉尘超标率高,两种评估方法均显示小微型非煤�
OBJECTIVE Using quantitative International Committee Mining and Metals evaluation(ICMM)and the occupational hazards risk index(INDEX)method to evaluate occupational health risks of silica dust exposure in small and micro non-coal mining enterprises in some Chinese provinces and cities.At the same time,the high risk positions of silica dust were determined and the risk assessment result of the two assessment method were compared.METHODS Sampling 84 small and micro non-coal mining enterprises conveniently selected from Guangdong,Jiangsu,Shandong,Hunan,Hubei,Liaoning,Gansu Provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during 2018-2020 as the research object,we carried out occupational health investigation and occupational hazard factor and assessed occupational health risk assessment by ICMM method and INDEX method.Kappa test was used to compare the consistency of the two standardized evaluation result.RESULTS The exposure rate of silica dust in small and micro non-coal mine enterprises was 57.65%(n=3440)in Chinese provinces and the concentration-time-weighted average(M(P25,P75))of respirable dust was 0.60(0.37,1.23)mg/m^(3),the over-standard rate of dust samples was 48.83%(n=897).The risk assessment result showed that the ICMM method had no statistical significance in the difference between the risk levels of underground and opencast mining(CMHχ^(2)=0.198,P>0.05),and the standard assessment level of underground and opencast mining was medium risk.The risk difference among different jobs was statistically significant(CMHχ^(2)=54.713,P<0.05).The standardized assessment level of central control workers and screening workers was extremely high risk,and the standardized rating level of rock drilling workers,crushing workers,grinders and packers was high risk.The difference of risk grade between underground and opencast mining by INDEX method was statistically significant(CMHχ^(2)=71.228,P<0.05),and the standard assessment grade of underground and opencast mining was medium risk.The risk difference among different ty
作者
范鹏辉
刘凯
张璘
王鑫
董一文
康宁
叶萌
Fan Penghui;Liu Kai;Zhang Lin;Wang Xin;Dong Yiwen;Kang Ning;Ye Meng(National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)
出处
《卫生研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期251-259,共9页
Journal of Hygiene Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.81472956)
职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(No.131031109000150003)。
关键词
小微型非煤矿山
尘肺病
矽尘
职业风险评估
一致性分析
small and micro non-coal mine
pneumoconiosis
silica dust
occupational risk assessment
consistency analysis
