摘要
【目的】采用大田小区试验,研究不同灌溉模式下氮肥施用模式对水稻产量、光合生理特性、非结构性碳水化合物和氮素利用效率的影响,以期为当地稻田灌溉和施氮模式优化管理提供理论依据。【方法】以中浙优1号为供试材料,设常规淹灌和干湿交替2种灌溉模式,以及不施氮(N_(0))、常规施氮(PUN_(100))、减氮20%(PUN_(80))、缓控释复合肥减氮20%+生物炭(CRFN_(80)-BC)和稳定性复合肥减氮20%+生物炭(SFN_(80)-BC)5种施氮模式。【结果】不同灌溉和施氮模式显著影响水稻产量和氮素利用率,且二者存在显著交互作用。与常规淹灌相比,干湿交替灌溉下CRFN_(80)-BC和SFN_(80)-BC处理显著提高了水稻齐穗期净光合速率,增加了叶面积,促进了叶片非结构性碳水化合物累积及其向籽粒的转移,进而提高了水稻有效穗数和每穗粒数,其2年平均产量分别为9656.5 kg/hm^(2)和10033kg/hm^(2),较PUN_(100)处理分别提高了6.8%和10.4%。同时,干湿交替灌溉提高了CRFN_(80)-BC和SFN_(80)-BC处理下齐穗至灌浆期水稻茎鞘和叶片氮转运量和氮转运贡献率,进而显著提高水稻氮利用效率。与PUN_(80)处理相比,干湿交替灌溉下CRFN_(80)-BC和SFN_(80)-BC处理氮肥回收效率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力分别显著提高37.8%和58.4%、56.6%和71.1%、15.2%和19.3%。【结论】干湿交替灌溉模式下稳定性复合肥或缓控释复合肥减氮20%(144 kg/hm^(2))配施生物炭处理显著提高了水稻营养生长期叶片光合速率,促进了非结构性碳水化合物和氮素累积和转运,二者协同提高水稻产量和氮利用效率,可作为适宜当地水稻绿色高效栽培的最佳水氮管理模式。
【Objective】Field plot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen application regimes on yield,photosynthetic physiological characteristics,non-structural carbohydrate and nitrogen use efficiency of rice,so as to lay a theoretical basis for scientific and reasonable irrigation and nitrogen management in local paddy fields.【Method】With Zhongzheyou 1 as material,a field experiment was carried out under two irrigation regimes of flooding irrigation(FI)and alternate wetting and drying(AWD),as well as five nitrogen application regimes of zero nitrogen(N_(0)),conventional nitrogen application(PUN_(100)),20%nitrogen reduction(PUN_(80)),20%nitrogen reduction of slow-release compound fertilizer with biochar(CRFN_(80)-BC)and 20%nitrogen reduction of stable compound fertilizer with biochar(SFN_(80)-BC).【Result】Different irrigation and nitrogen application regimes significantly affected the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency,and the two factors showed significant interaction.Compared with FI,CRFN_(80)-BC and SFN_(80)-BC treatments significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate and leaf area index of rice at full heading stage,leaf non-structural carbohydrate accumulation and its transfer to grains under AWD,and finally increased the number of effective panicles and grains per panicle of rice.Compared with PUN_(100),the yield increased by 6.8%and 10.4%,and the average yield in two years was 9656.5 kg/hm^(2)and 10033 kg/hm^(2),respectively.AWD also increased the amount of N translocation and the contribution rate of N translocation of stem and leaves from heading to filling stages under CRFN_(80)-BC and SFN_(80)-BC treatments,and then significantly increased rice nitrogen use efficiencies.Compared with PUN_(80),CRFN_(80)-BC and SFN_(80)-BC under AWD significantly increased N recovery efficiency,N agronomic efficiency and N partial productivity,by 37.8%and 58.4%,56.6%and 71.1%,15.2%and 19.3%,respectively.【Conclusion】Under AWD regimes,20%(144 kg/hm^(2))N reductio
作者
吴龙龙
虞轶俊
田仓
张露
黄晶
朱练峰
朱春权
孔亚丽
张均华
曹小闯
金千瑜
WU Longlong;YU Yijun;TIAN Cang;ZHANG Lu;HUANG Jing;ZHU Lianfeng;ZHU Chunquan;KONG Yali;ZHANG Junhua;CAO Xiaochuang;JIN Qianyu(China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,Hangzhou 311401,China;Zhejiang Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station,Hangzhou 310020,China;Engineering Center of Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization,Ministry of Education,School of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China)
出处
《中国水稻科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期295-307,共13页
Chinese Journal of Rice Science
基金
浙江省重点研发计划资助项目(2021C02035)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31771733)
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFD0300106,2016YFD0200800)。
关键词
干湿交替
缓控释/稳定性复合肥
光合作用
氮转运
产量
alternate wetting and drying
slow-release compound fertilizer or stable compound fertilizer
photosynthesis
nitrogen translocation
yield
