摘要
为了探索受灾倒伏玉米的安全优质粗饲料调制加工技术,试验原料指标采用两因素(2受灾状况×4留茬高度)、青贮饲料指标采用三因素(2受灾状况×2添加×4留茬高度)完全随机试验设计,其中全株玉米受灾状况分为倒伏和直立(对照),添加处理包括添加植物乳酸菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)制剂和无添加(对照),留茬高度分别设置为10、20、30和40 cm;采用小规模发酵法,室温密封贮藏30 d开封,分析各处理玉米营养成分、青贮发酵品质以及微生物组成。结果表明:1)青贮前,直立组和倒伏组玉米原料中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量随着留茬高度的增加显著降低(P<0.05),仅直立组酵母菌数量随着留茬高度的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),所有玉米原料中均未发现芽孢杆菌、丁酸梭菌以及霉菌,受灾状况与留茬高度对酵母菌数量有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。2)多数青贮呈黄绿色,茎叶柔软、湿润,具酸香味,感官品质基本相似且均无霉变。3)倒伏组玉米青贮粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著低于直立组(P<0.05),添加乳酸菌后干物质含量显著高于无添加处理(P<0.05);随着留茬高度的增加,玉米青贮NDF含量显著降低(P<0.05),倒伏组无添加处理在留茬30 cm时酸性洗涤纤维含量较低,并且CP含量显著高于留茬20 cm时(P<0.05)。4)倒伏组玉米青贮乳酸(LA)和乙酸含量显著低于直立组(P<0.05),添加乳酸菌后pH显著降低(P<0.05),所有青贮均未检测到丁酸,乳酸菌添加和留茬高度对LA含量有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。5)倒伏组和直立组玉米青贮微生物数量差异不显著(P>0.05);添加乳酸菌后,乳酸菌数量显著增加(P<0.05),而大肠杆菌和酵母菌数量则显著减少(P<0.05),并且倒伏组在留茬30 cm时乳酸菌数量最多;所有青贮均未发现芽孢杆菌、丁酸梭菌和霉菌。综上所述,玉米植株发生倒伏后,添加乳酸菌可以改善其青贮品质、减少营养成分损失;同时,倒伏全株玉米留茬30 cm�
In order to explore the safe and high-quality roughage processing technology of disaster-stricken lodging corn,the raw material indices of this experiment adopted two factors(2 disaster conditions×4 cutting heights)and the silage indices adopted three factors(2 disaster conditions×2 additions×4 cutting heights)in a completely randomized trial design.The whole-plant corn disaster conditions were divided into lodging and upright(control),the addition treatments included lactic acid bacteria(Lactobacillus plantarum)preparation added and no addition(control),and the cutting heights were set to 10,20,30 and 40 cm,respectively.The nutrients,fermentation quality and microbial composition in corn silage were analyzed by small-scale fermentation and sealed storage at room temperature for 30 days.The results showed as follows:1)before ensiling,the neutral detergent fiber(NDF)content in corn raw materials in upright group and lodging group decreased significantly with the increase of cutting height(P<0.05),only the yeast number in upright group increased significantly with the increase of cutting height(P<0.05),and no Bacillus,Clostridium butyricum and mold were found in all corn raw materials.The disaster condition and the cutting height had significant interactive effect on yeast number(P<0.05).2)Most whole-plant corn silage was yellowish green,the stems and leaves were soft,moist and sour,and the sensory quality was basically similar and there was no mildew.3)The crude protein(CP)content in corn silage in lodging group was significantly lower than that in upright group(P<0.05),and the dry matter content in silage with lactic acid bacteria addition was significantly higher than that in non-addition treatment(P<0.05).The NDF content in corn silage decreased significantly with the increase of cutting height(P<0.05).The acid detergent fiber content in lodging group without addition was lower at 30 cm cutting height,and the CP content was significantly higher than that at 20 cm cutting height(P<0.05).4)The contents of lact
作者
杨晶晶
孙芸
吴庆宇
王健
张嘉宾
孙海霞
曹阳
YANG Jingjing;SUN Yun;WU Qingyu;WANG Jian;ZHANG Jiabin;SUN Haixia;CAO Yang(Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region,College of Animal Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Engineering Research Center of Processing and Utilization of Grain By-Products,Ministry of Education,Daqing 163319,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期2542-2556,共15页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA2604020-02)
国家自然科学基金项目(No.32171676,No.31772673)
黑龙江省饲草饲料协同创新推广体系岗位专家项目(黑农厅函[2019]766号-2019-04-02)。
关键词
乳酸菌
留茬高度
倒伏
全株玉米
青贮发酵品质
lactic acid bacteria
cutting height
lodging
whole-plant corn
silage fermentation quality
