摘要
传统的政策过程理论将政策理解为政治系统的输出结果,探究制度结构与行动者影响政策制定或变迁的机制,却忽视了政策的反作用力。政策不仅是政治的结果,也能对政治产生塑造作用。那么,政策如何塑造政治?对于此问题的回答,学者们提出了政策反馈理论,该理论以历史制度主义为理论基础,认为政策一旦颁布,会通过解释、资源、演化和学习四种效应重塑后续政治格局并进而影响未来政策制定。本文通过知识梳理发现,首先,政策反馈理论把历史或时间带入政策过程,而非把时间作为背景。其次,政策的结构化作用使得政策能够塑造政治,政策会演化为未来政策制定所依赖的制度结构,过去政策的观念、资源、工具都会成为未来政策制定者所依赖或参考的框架。最后,政策反馈理论揭示出公共政策具有二重性,政策既是政治系统生产或输出的结果,也是重新塑造政治系统及其行动的媒介。相比于关注外部制度结构因素的传统政策过程理论,政策反馈理论关注历史视野中政策本身对于政策过程的影响并因此成为一种政策研究的新路径。
Traditional policy process theory regards policy as an output of the political system,exploring the mechanism by which institutional structures and actors influence policy making or change,but ignores the counter-force of policy.Policy is not only an outcome of politics,but can also shape politics.So how do policies shape politics?As for this question,scholars proposed the policy feedback theory,which is based on the theory of historical institutionalism,and holds that once a policy is promulgated,it will reshape subsequent political pattern and policy making through four effects:f interpretation,resources,evolution and learning.This paper finds,through knowledge combing,that firstly,policy feedback theory brings history or time into the policy process,rather than using time as a context.Secondly,the structural role of policy enables policy to shape politics,and policy evolves into the institutional structure upon which the future policy making depend,the idea,resources,and tools of past policy becoming the framework on which future policy makers rely or refer to.Finally,policy feedback theory reveals the dual nature of public policy,where policy is both a result of the output of the political system and a medium for reshaping the political system and its actions.In contrast to traditional policy process theory,which focuses on external institutional structural factors,policy feedback theory focuses on the impact of policy itself on the policy process in a historical perspective and thus becomes a new approach of policy research.
作者
翟文康
邱一鸣
Zhai Wenkang;Qiu Yiming(the School of Public Administration and Policy of Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)
出处
《中国行政管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期39-49,共11页
Chinese Public Administration
基金
国家自然科学基金“政治周期、制度摩擦与中国政策的间断性:基于1992-2016年中国预算变迁数据的实证研究”(编号:71874198)
中国人民大学2021年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划(编号:2019000325)
中国人民大学科学研究基金(编号:22XNH039)。
关键词
政策反馈
历史制度主义
政策二重性
政策过程理论
policy feedback
historical institutionalism
policy duality
policy process theory
