摘要
为探究炭基肥对贵州鲜食玉米光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响,为该地区鲜食玉米高产栽培提供理论依据。采用盆栽试验,设不施N肥(T1)、习惯施肥(T2)、炭基肥(T3)、炭基肥×80%(T4)4个处理,研究炭基肥和炭基肥×80%对鲜食玉米干物质积累和分配、叶绿素SPAD值、光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,T3和T4处理均能提高玉米产量,以T3处理最高,达70.43 g/株,其次是T4处理,为65.31 g/株,二者无显著差异;玉米的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及胞间CO_(2)浓度均以T3处理效果最佳,其次是T4处理;玉米叶绿素SPAD值随生育期的进程呈现先增加后降低的趋势,叶绿素SPAD值在拔节期达到峰值,以T4处理最高,为54.0;炭基肥能够显著增加玉米各生育期干物质积累量,在玉米收获期,玉米籽粒的干物质分配量达到最高,分配率为22.97%~45.03%,以T4处理最高;从相关性来看,玉米产量与蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度及SPAD值间存在显著或极显著相关性。综上所述,T3、T4处理对鲜食玉米干物质积累量、光合特性及叶绿素SPAD值有促进作用,能够显著提高玉米产量,其中以T3处理效果较优。
The effects of carbon-based fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and yield of fresh corn were explored by pot experiment to provide a theoretical basis for the high-yield cultivation of fresh corn in Guizhou.Four treatments,i.e.no N fertilizer(T1),conventional fertilization(T2),carbon-based fertilizer(T3)and 20%reduction carbon-based fertilizer(T4),were set up to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the dry material accumulation and distribution,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of fresh corn.The results showed that both T3 and T4 increased the corn yield,which was 70.43 and 65.31 g/plant,respectively,with no significant difference.The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO_(2) concentration of corn were all the best under T3,followed by T4;The SPAD value of chlorophyll increased first and then decreased along with the growth stage,and it reached the peak at jointing stage,which was the highest with 54.0 under T4.Carbon-based fertilizer significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of corn in each growth stage.At the harvest stage,the dry matter distribution of corn grains was the highest,with the distribution rate of 22.97%~45.03%under T4.From the perspective of correlation,corn yield was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_(2) concentration and SPAD value.In summary,both carbon-based fertilizer(T3)and carbon-based fertilizer reduction(T4)treatments have promoting effects on the dry matter accumulation,photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of fresh corn,and can significantly increase corn yield.Among them,carbon-based fertilizer(T3)has the better effect.
作者
谢婷婷
赵欢
肖厚军
陈云梅
胡岗
秦松
XIE Ting-ting;ZHAO Huan;XIAO Hou-jun;CHEN Yun-mei;HU Gang;QIN Song(Agricultural College of Guizhou University,Guiyang Guizhou 550006;Institute of soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment(Guizhou),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guiyang Guizhou 550006)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期61-67,共7页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200705)。
关键词
鲜食玉米
光合特性
叶绿素
干物质积累量
fresh corn
photosynthetic characteristics
chlorophyll
dry matter accumulation
