摘要
由于大量不合理的开采活动,矿山森林生态环境遭到严重破坏,导致森林生态系统碳储量减少的问题日益突出。选择云南省文山壮族苗族自治州矿区(植被已全部被破坏)作为研究对象,通过分析自然条件下森林生态系统各组分碳储量,以计量矿区森林碳损失量,研究乔木层(叶、枝、干、皮和根)、灌木层(叶、根和枝)、草本层(地上和地下部分)、凋落物层(未分解、半分解和完全分解)和土壤各层(0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40和40~60 cm)有机碳含量和碳损失量特征。结果表明:1)矿区生态系统植被层中,乔木层碳损失量为植被层损失量的主体(94.6%),其次为灌木层(3.4%),凋落物层(1.1%)和草本层(0.9%)比例较小。2)矿区开采后,造成严重的土壤碳损失:矿区森林生态系统中土壤有机碳含量和碳损失量随着土层的增加逐渐降低,土壤碳损失量主要集中于表土层0~30 cm,占土层总碳损失量的64.2%。3)矿区开采后,植被碳损失总量达到288.4 t/hm^(2),土壤碳损失总量达到169.9 t/hm^(2)。因人工开采使森林自然植被被破坏,导致矿区土壤层和植被层碳损失量较高。研究区自然条件下森林生态系统具有较强的碳贮存能力,多年开采矿区后造成较高的碳损失量,建议对矿区采取植被恢复技术,使矿区样地受损土地恢复其生态完整性和土地生产力,以提高矿区土壤质量、增加森林生态系统碳储备。
[Background]In the rapid development of the social economy,the demand for mineral resources is increasing.Due to large-scale and unreasonable mining activities,the mining environment was seriously damaged,resulting in a large number of abandoned land,which could not be restored in a short period.The continuous degradation of forest ecological environment,soil erosion and soil degradation lead to the significant reduction of vegetation and soil carbon storage.Therefore,artificial measures are urgently needed to restore the ecosystem affected by mining.[Methods]This paper chose the mining area of Zhuang and Miao autonomous prefecture in Wenshan of Yunnan province(the vegetation was completely destroyed)as the research object.The carbon storage of forest ecosystem under natural conditions was analyzed to measure the loss of forest carbon in mining area.Organic carbon content and storage characteristics of arbor layers(leaves,branches,trunk,bark and roots),shrub layers(leaves,roots and branches),herb layers(aboveground and underground parts),litter layers(fresh litter layer,fragmented litter layer and humified litter layer)and soil layers(0-10,10-20,20-30,30-40 and 40-60 cm)were studied.[Results]1)In the vegetation layer of the mining area ecosystem,the carbon loss of the arbor layer was the main body of the vegetation layer loss(94.6%),followed by the shrub layer(3.4%),litter layer(1.1%)and herb layer(0.9%)were relatively small;2)After mining,it also caused serious soil carbon loss.The soil organic carbon content and carbon loss in the forest ecosystem of the mining area decreased gradually with the increase of the soil layer.The soil carbon loss was mainly concentrated in the topsoil layer of 0-30 cm,accounting for 64.2%of the total soil carbon loss.3)After mining,the total vegetation carbon loss reached 288.4 t/hm^(2),and the total soil carbon loss reached 169.9 t/hm^(2).Artificial mining destroyed the natural vegetation of the forest,resulting in a high amount of carbon loss in the soil layer and vegetation layer
作者
邹航
宋娅丽
王克勤
张转敏
邢进梅
ZOU Hang;SONG Yali;WANG Keqin;ZHANG Zhuanmin;XING Jinmei(Department of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, 650224,Kunming, China)
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期124-130,共7页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
云南省高校优势学科(生态学)建设项目(050005113111)
大学生创新基金(201910677009)。
关键词
碳损失量
森林生态系统
碳储量
矿区
carbon loss
forest ecosystem
carbon storage
mining area
