摘要
【目的】基于1978-2018年国家部门颁布的365项农业面源污染治理政策,分析中国农业面源污染治理政策的演进特征,并对政策文件的行政规制型、经济激励型和技术支持型措施进行重点剖析。【方法】运用文献计量和内容分析方法,量化农业面源污染治理政策文本内容。【结果】在1992年之前中国农业面源污染治理政策实施数量明显偏少,1993-2010年是农业面源污染治理政策的初步形成阶段,2011-2018年是农业面源污染治理政策的深化发展阶段,政策实施数量快速增长,其中2017年实施的政策数量达到40项。农业面源污染治理政策的发布形式包含权威性较高的“法律”“规定”等类型的政策文件,也包含指导性较强的“细则”“解释”“目录”等。农业面源污染治理政策发布主体包含如“全国人民代表大会”“农业农村部”“生态环境部”等31个主体,农业面源污染治理政策发布主体独立颁布的政策为305项,各主体协同配合并联合发布的政策为60项。考虑政策措施的单独使用和配合使用情况:行政规制型措施的单独使用在365项政策中占比达23.56%,技术支持型措施和经济激励型措施的单独使用较少,在365项政策中分别占比8.22%和6.03%。在1978-2018年365项政策中,行政规制型与技术支持型措施配合使用的比例为13.70%,行政规制型与经济激励型措施配合使用的比例为6.85%,经济激励型与技术支持型措施配合使用的比例为3.56%,三类措施同时配合使用的政策数量占比最高,为38.08%。在2011年的政策文件中,三类措施配合使用的政策数量占比就达70.83%,而在1978年和2000年这一指标仅为0和33.33%。2000年后,行政规制型措施的平均效力在平稳波动中增长,效力值维持在2.5-3.5之间。经济激励型措施的平均效力值持续波动,上升趋势不明显,在近几年效力值有所下降,2011年的效力值为3.2,2018年的效力
【Objective】Based on the 365 agricultural non-point source pollution control policies promulgated by national departments from 1978 to 2018, the evolution characteristics of the policies were analyzed, and the administrative regulation, economic incentives and technical support measures of the policies were highlight to investigate.【Method】 This paper used policy literature measurement and content analysis methods to quantify the text content of agricultural non-point source pollution control policy. 【Result】 The number of agricultural non-point source pollution policies was significantly less before 1992 in China. The period from 1993 to 2010 was the initial formation stage of agricultural non-point source pollution control policies, while the period from 2011 to 2018 was the deepening development stage of agricultural non-point source pollution control policies, the number of governance policies implemented has grown rapidly, and the number of policies implemented in 2017 reached 40. Agricultural non-point source pollution control policies were issued in the form of highly authoritative “laws” and “regulations” types of policy documents, as well as highly instructive “details” “interpretations” and “catalogs”. The issuers of agricultural non-point source pollution control policies included 31 entities, such as the “National People’s Congress” “Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs”, and “Ministry of Ecology and Environment”. There were 305 policies independently promulgated by policy issuers, and 60 policies jointly promulgated by various issuers. The individual citation of administrative regulatory measures accounted for 23.56% of the 365 policies, while the individual citations of technical support measures and economic incentive measures accounted for 8.22% and 6.03% of the 365 policies, respectively. Among the 365 policies from 1978 to 2018, the number of policies using three kinds of measures in coordination accounted for the highest proportion, which was 38
作者
华春林
张玖弘
金书秦
HUA ChunLin;ZHANG JiuHong;JIN ShuQin(College of Economics and Management,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,Sichuan;Research Center for Rural Economy,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100810)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期1385-1398,I0014,共15页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0201304)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(72003158)。
关键词
农业面源污染
政策演进特征
文献计量法
内容分析法
agricultural non-point source pollution
policy evolution characteristics
bibliometrics
content analysis
