摘要
青藏高原唐古拉山南北两侧在地形地貌、地理和气候特征上存在显著差异,多年冻土的发育状况和特征也明显不同。受第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究等项目资助,多年冻土对亚洲水塔的影响专题考察分队分别于2019年和2020年的10—11月对唐古拉山各拉丹冬南侧的色林错上游扎加藏布源区(简称“湖源区”)和北侧的长江上游沱沱河源区(简称“江源区”)进行了多年冻土野外考察。利用钻探、坑探、地球物理勘探等方法对多年冻土的分布边界、多年冻土剖面的地层、地下冰等特征进行了描述和取样,同步构建了多年冻土温度和活动层水热观测网络,为多年冻土对亚洲水塔影响的机理分析、数值模拟以及情景预估提供数据保障。对野外调查资料的初步分析认为,各拉丹冬南北两坡地层沉积类型和地下冰赋存状态存在明显差异,北坡多年冻土的热稳定性、地下冰含量、冰缘地貌类型多样性均高于南坡,但由于受到构造地热、河流融区等多种因素的影响,北坡的冻土分布形式更为复杂。江源区100 m钻孔剖面揭示了连续分布的、厚度大于50 m的地下冰;在该区域发现了多年生冻胀丘分布群,并利用钻探和地球物理勘探方法对该区域规模最大、结构最完整的冰核型冻胀丘进行了较为系统的勘察剖析。两次野外调查工作共采集钻孔岩心、表层土壤、冰水等各类样本近1.2万件,为后期区域冻土理化指标分析,冻土环境化学、古气候环境研究的开展奠定基础。
Supported by the project of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research,a compre⁃hensive scientific survey on permafrost in source area of the rivers and lakes on northern and southern slopes of Mt.Geladandong in the Tanggula Mountains was conducted in 2019 and 2020.The study area in the first phase of the investigation locates in source area of the Zhaga Zangbo River(upper reaches of Selin Co Lake),and the study area in the second phase is in source area of the Tuotuo River(upper reaches of the Yangtze River).By ap⁃plying multiple technologies,such as borehole drilling,pitting,ground surface geophysical sounding,and in-si⁃tu monitoring,the first monitoring network on permafrost environment in this area was established,and the first-hand data on permafrost were obtained.The sedimentary strata and the distribution and state of ground ice on northern and southern slopes of Mt.Geladandong were compared and analyzed,indicating great differences be⁃tween the two regions in sedimentary environment,and development status of permafrost and ground ice.The thermal stability of permafrost,ground ice content,and the type diversity of periglacial landforms on the north⁃ern slopes were richer than those on the southern slopes,but the distribution of frozen ground and taliks on the northern slopes was more complicated due to the influences of tectonics and resultant mosaicked distribution of geothermal gradients and river/tectonic lake taliks,because of the influence of geotectonic zone,geothermal flow anormalies,river/lake taliks,and other factors.A 100-meter borehole was drilled in source area of the Tuo⁃tuo River,which revealed the characteristics of continuously distributed ground ice with thickness greater than 50 m.It was confirmed that pingos could have developed in this area,and the largest and most complete pingo in existence on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was discovered and inspected.Through the investigations,nearly 12000 samples of drill cores,surface soils,and ice/water that would be use
作者
刘广岳
邹德富
杨斌
杜二计
周华云
肖瑶
赵林
谭昌海
胡国杰
庞强强
王武
孙哲
朱小凡
殷秀峰
汪凌霄
李智斌
谢昌卫
LIU Guangyue;ZOU Defu;YANG Bin;DU Erji;ZHOU Huayun;XIAO Yao;ZHAO Lin;TAN Changhai;HU Guojie;PANG Qiangqiang;WANG Wu;SUN Zhe;ZHU Xiaofan;YIN Xiufeng;WANG Lingxiao;LI Zhibin;XIE Changwei(Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Command Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100055,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期83-95,共13页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0201)
国家自然科学基金项目(41931180
41671068
42071094)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA2002010202)
自然资源部中国地质调查局青藏高原自然资源要素综合观测试点项目(DD20208064)资助。
关键词
青藏高原
第二次青藏科考
多年冻土
各拉丹冬
色林错
长江源
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research
perma⁃frost
Mt.Geladandong
Selin Co Lake
source area of the Yangtze River
