摘要
基于中国综合社会调查微观数据,对劳动力市场中教育错配及技能错配发生率进行统计,并分析教育错配与技能错配对劳动者收入的影响效应。研究发现,随着劳动者受教育程度以及劳动力市场学历准入门槛的提升,教育错配现象有所改善,技能错配有所加剧,呈现出从"大材小用"到"大材错用"的状况。且劳动力市场中较为年轻群体的教育错配风险加剧,技能不足状况严重,西部地区劳动力市场人才利用效率较低,大专学历劳动者教育及技能错配较为严重。相较于技能错配,教育错配对劳动者收入的影响更为显著。因此,各类院校应加强对学生职业技能的训练,注重校企间良性互动,关注智能化设备对低技能劳动力的取代,减少机械僵化的技能训练,持续重视西部地区各类人才引进项目的落实与完善。
Based on the micro-data of China’s Comprehensive Social Survey, the study conducted statistics on the incidence of education mismatch and skill mismatch in the labor market, and analyzed the effect of education mismatch and skill mismatch on labor income.The study found that with the increase in the education level of workers and the increase in the entry barriers of the labor market, the phenomenon of education mismatch has improved, and the mismatch of skills has been exacerbated, showing a change from“excessive use of talents”to“misuse of talents”. In addition, the risk of education mismatch among younger groups in the labor market is intensified,and skills shortages are serious. The labor market in the western region is less efficient in the use of talents, and the education and skill mismatch of workers with college degree is more serious. Compared with skill mismatch, education mismatch has more significant impact on labor income. Therefore, various colleges and universities should strengthen the training of students’ vocational skills, pay attention to the benign interaction between schools and enterprises, pay attention to the replacement of low-skilled labor with intelligent equipment,reduce the rigid skill training of machinery, and continue to attach importance to the implementation and improvement of various talent introduction projects in the western region.
作者
赵红霞
吴迪
Zhao Hongxia;Wu Di(Teachers’College of Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003;Teachers’College of Jimei University)
出处
《职业技术教育》
北大核心
2021年第31期46-51,共6页
Vocational and Technical Education
基金
2017年度国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目“多民族地区贫困代际传递及教育精准扶贫研究——基于我国五个少数民族自治区的实证分析”(71764023)
中宣部2019年度宣传思想文化青年英才资助项目“教育在阻断贫困代际传递中的作用研究”(KZ0087),主持人:赵红霞。
关键词
教育错配
技能错配
收入效应
education mismatch
skill mismatch
income effects
