摘要
本文通过对四川地区出土的众多南朝时期的造像碑进行比较分析,发现它们与北方地区同一时期的造像碑造像,有相似也有不同。其中最大不同,是在四川造像碑上出现了持杖胁侍造像,这在北方地区的造像中较为罕见。本文认为其渊源可追溯至克孜尔壁画“蛤蟆闻法升天”图中的牧牛人持杖形象。同时,参考大同御东新区文瀛北路北魏壁画墓中的牧牛人形象,及其守护之功能,可以推测,以牧牛人信仰为代表的《善见律毗婆沙》在西域、四川等地区流传和演变历史。同时,牧牛人信仰在西域、四川地区的传播路径,与四川造像碑上凸出五柱佛塔形象的传播路径,可以相互印证。进一步推测,南北朝时期南传佛教在北方传播受阻,有一部分迂回经西域,在四川等地传播。
Through the comparative analysis of many statues of the Southern dynasty unearthed in Sichuan,it is found that there are some similarities and differences between them and the contemporary ones made in the north.One of the most obvious diferences is that the statue of the holding-staf attendant appeared in Sichuan,which was rare in the statues in the north.The author believes that it could be traced back to the image of the cowherd holding a staff in the picture of“toad becoming immortal after learning the sutra”in the mural of Kizil Grottoes.At the same time,it also used the image of cowherd in the mural of the Northern Wei tomb at North Wenying Road,Yudong district,Datong and its function of guarding for reference.So we could speculate about the propagation and evolution of the belief of cowherd in the western regions and Sichuan,which can also be confirmed by the propagation path of the image of pagoda with five pillars on the statue steles in Sichuan.Furthermore,it can be concluded that the spread of Southern Buddhism in the North was hindered during the Northern and Southern dynasties,and some branches detoured to the western regions and spread in Sichuan and other areas.
出处
《中国国家博物馆馆刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期48-60,共13页
Journal of National Museum of China
基金
2019年江西省社会科学规划项目“江西石窟造像与日本‘宋朝样’造像风格比较研究”(项目编号:19YS14)
2019年江西省高校人文项目“江西省石窟造像研究”(项目编号:YS19203)
东华理工大学博士科研启动基金(人文社科类)项目(项目编号:DHBK2019360)资助。
关键词
牧牛人
持杖胁侍
南朝
克孜尔石窟
北魏壁画墓
Cowherd
holding-staff attendant
Southern dynasties
Kizil Grottoes
Northern Wei tombs with murals
