摘要
文章对全球主要经济体的碳中和战略取向、目标设定、政策措施等进行系统梳理。研究显示,由于社会基础、经济基础和政治基础各不相同,主要经济体的碳中和战略取向也不同,可分为引领型、增长型、跟随型、摇摆型4类。这些经济体基本按照“目标路线图+关键领域目标”的框架构建碳中和目标体系,但引领型通常完成立法并制定严格的减排目标,其他类型往往弱化减排目标约束而关注新兴行业增长目标等。其主要根源在于,现有技术不足以支撑实现碳中和。因此,碳中和科技创新得到各国普遍重视,力求占据产业竞争制高点,但欧美追求“本土制造”的做法可能不利于降低新技术成本;在市场激励上,碳排放权交易市场被普遍采用,但碳定价机制仍有待进一步优化。全球主要经济体碳中和相关措施对我国制定完善碳中和政策有重要的启示意义。
This study focuses on the strategies,targets and policy measures for carbon neutrality in global major economies.The research shows that due to the different socio-economic and political foundations,the transition strategy towards carbon neutrality in major economies is also varied,which can be divided into four categories:leading strategy,growth strategy,following strategy,and swing strategy.Most of them build carbon neutrality target system with the framework of“target roadmap+targets in key areas”,but leading countries usually integrate targets into legislation and thus the objective is legally binding,while others tend to weaken emission reduction targets and focus on the development goals of emerging industries.The main reason is that the existing technologies fail to support the realization of carbon neutrality.Most economies attach importance to S&T innovation for carbon neutrality with the purpose of increasing industrial competitiveness.But the pursuit of“local manufacturing”in Europe and America may not be conducive to reducing the cost of new technologies.In terms of market incentives,carbon emission trading market is widely used,but the carbon pricing mechanism still needs to be further optimized.This study has important enlightenment significance for China to improve carbon neutrality policy.
作者
王建芳
苏利阳
谭显春
陈晓怡
葛春雷
WANG Jianfang;SU Liyang;TAN Xianchun;CHEN Xiaoyi;GE Chunlei(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《中国科学院院刊》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期479-489,共11页
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences
基金
中国科学院学部重大咨询项目(E1J1691602)。
关键词
碳中和
技术创新政策
国际经验
财税激励
carbon neutrality
technological innovation policy
international experience
fiscal and tax incentives
