摘要
都城空间区划制度与对都城内主要城市景观的称谓密切相关,在中国古代,最基本的都城空间区划制度有里制和坊制两种,因此主要城市景观的名称也就为里或坊。就北朝隋唐时期而言,首都居住区里、坊的称谓之间并非一开始就是官称与俗称的关系。在北魏洛阳,空间区划制度是里制,坊实际为落实治安管理的一种手段。在坊建好后,被围墙围绕的封闭区域也开始可以称为“坊”,此后,坊、里在指代空间位置时就可以等同了。不过,北魏洛阳涉及治安事务时才用坊表示居住空间,因此墓志所见城中居住区都为某某里。隋文帝正式在都城实行坊制,确立了坊在指代居住空间时的官方地位,由此才形成了坊、里官称和俗称的关系,但里代指居住区的用法并未改变,唐代坊、里的混用实源于此。
The system of space division of ancient capitals was is closely connected with the appellation of main cityscape. In ancient China, the fundamental space divisions for capitals were the system of Li and Fang. Therefore, main cityscape in capitals had two kinds of appellations, named Li or Fang. In terms of Northern Dynasties and Sui-Tang Dynasties, the relationship between Li and Fang referring to living space wasn’t that of official and folk appellation from the beginning. In Luoyang, the capital of Northern Wei Dynasty, the system of space division was the system of Li, while Fang was actually a way of security administration.However, after Fang was set up, closed areas which were enclosed by walls started to be called Fang.After that, Fang and Li had the same meaning when indicating spatial position. But Fang was used to refer to living space only when it was related to security affairs. Thus, the appellations of living space in Luoyang of Northern Wei Dynasty which were seen in tomb epitaphs were named by Li.The first emperor of Sui Dynasty officially practiced the system of Fang in the capital, establishing the official status of Fang to indicate living space. It further developed the relationship of official appellation and folk appellation between Fang and Li. However, Li indicating living space didn’t change. That was the real headstream of the mix use of Fang and Li in Tang Dynasty.
作者
李亮
Li Liang(Department of History,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou,510275)
出处
《中国历史地理论丛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期53-61,71,共10页
Journal of Chinese Historical Geography
关键词
北朝隋唐都城
空间区划制度
坊
里
Capitals of the Northern Dynasties and Sui-Tang Dynasties
System of space division
Fang
Li
