摘要
目的了解中国疾病预防控制机构(疾控机构)人力资源配置公平性,为优化资源配置提供参考依据。方法收集《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴2015年》和《中国卫生健康统计年鉴2020年》中2014和2019年中国疾控机构人力资源相关数据,采用卫生资源集聚度(HRAD)对人力资源按人口和地理面积配置的公平程度进行评价。结果中国疾控人员由2014年的192397人减少至2019年的187564人,下降了2.51%;各省份每万人口疾控人员数呈萎缩趋势且多数省份配置未达标;2019年疾控人员青年组(<35岁)和中年组(35~54岁)比例较2014年分别下降了3.8%和2.4%,而老年组(≥55岁)比例则较2014年升高了6.0%;中国疾控人员高中/中专及以下文化程度由2014年的28.8%降低至2019年的19.4%,大专及以上文化程度则由2014年的71.1%上升至2019年的80.6%;人力资源配置公平性分析结果显示,疾控人力资源空间布局不均衡,人力资源按地理面积配置的公平性为东部地区>中部地区>西部地区,按人口配置的公平性为西部地区>中部地区>东部地区。结论中国疾控机构人才队伍存在总量不足、流失严重和配置不均衡等问题,应从国家层面对疾控机构重新定位,提升疾控人员的社会认可度,并采取差异化的资源配置策略缩小地区间的差距。
Objective To examine the equity in human resources allocation in centers for disease prevention and control(CDCs)and to provide evidences for optimizing resource allocation.Methods The data on human resources among CDCs in all administrative regions across China in 2014 and 2019 were collected from China′s Statistical Yearbook of Health and Family Planning-2015 and China′s Statistical Yearbook of Health-2020.Then,health resource agglomeration degree(HRAD)was used to evaluate the equity in human resources allocation according to population and geographical area.Results The total number of personnel in CDCs across China decreased by 2.51%from 192397 in 2014 to 187564 in 2019.The number of CDCs′personnel per 10000 population also showed a shrinking trend at all provincial levels and the number for most provincial level regions did not meet the national standard.In 2019,the proportions of CDC personnel at young age(<35 years)and middle-aged(35-54 years)decreased by 3.8%and 2.4%compared with those in 2014,but the proportion of elderly personnel(≥55 years)increased by 6.0%contrasting to that in 2014.The number of personnel with high school/technical secondary school education or below in all CDCs in China decreased from 28.8%in 2014 to 19.4%in 2019,while the number of those with junior college education or above increased from 71.1%in 2014 to 80.6%in 2019.The results of analysis on the equity in human resources allocation showed that the spatial distribution of human resource was unbalanced.The geographical region-specific HRAD index was the highest(indicating a better equity in human resources allocation)for eastern region,followed by that for central and western region;while,the population distribution-specific HRAD index was higher for western region than that for central and eastern region.Conclusion Insufficient total number,serious turnover and unbalanced allocation are main problems in health resources allocation for CDCs in China and the situation needs to be improved for CDCs′capability construction
作者
张田田
尹文强
孟翠香
孙艳
张玉杰
李翠玉
闫语
丰志强
戴萌娜
陈钟鸣
ZHANG Tian-tian;YIN Wen-qiang;MENG Cui-xiang(School of Public Health,Weifang Medical University,Weifang,Shandong Province 261053,China;不详)
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期339-343,共5页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
基金
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2019MG010)
2020年度山东省高等学校“青创科技计划”立项(2020RWG014)。
