摘要
为探明施氮量和种植密度对芝麻光合速率、产量及氮肥利用效率的影响,以白芝麻品种郑太芝1号为材料,设置纯氮0、60、100和140kg/hm^(2)4个施氮水平以及11.25、18.75和26.25万株/hm^(2)3个种植密度水平,对芝麻光合速率、产量及氮肥利用率进行分析。结果表明,同一施氮量条件下,随着种植密度的增加,叶片净光合速率、叶绿素相对含量、氮肥收获指数、单株蒴数及千粒重逐渐降低,而植株秸秆氮和总氮量逐渐提高;氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥农学利用率以18.75万株/hm^(2)处理最高。100kg/hm^(2)施氮量处理产量最高,2年中分别较不施氮肥处理增产19.70%和16.91%。同一密度下,叶片净光合速率、单株蒴数、单蒴粒数和千粒重随着施氮量的增加而升高,不同密度处理以18.75万株/hm^(2)处理产量最高,2年较11.25万株/hm^(2)处理分别增产15.30%和16.69%。不同处理组合中施氮量100kg/hm^(2)、密度18.75万株/hm^(2)处理的产量最高,且氮肥吸收利用率为50%以上,氮肥农学利用率为4.27kg/kg以上,是白芝麻高产高效的最优组合。
To investigate the effects of nitrogen rate and planting density on photosynthetic rate, seed yield and nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of sesame, the white sesame variety Zhengtaizhi 1 was used as experimental material with four nitrogen application levels of 0, 60, 100 and 140kg/ha and three planting densities of 112 500,187 500 and 262 500 plants/ha. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and chlorophyll content(SPAD) of leaves, nitrogen harvest index, the number of capsules per plant, and 1000-grain weight of sesame decreased gradually with the increase of planting density under the same nitrogen application level, while the nitrogen of plant straw and total nitrogen increased gradually. The nitrogen recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency were the highest at the planting density 187 500 plants/ha. Among the four nitrogen application levels,the yield of nitrogen aoplication with 100kg/ha treatment was the highest which increased by 19.70% and 16.91% in two years, respectively, compared with the treatment without nitrogen fertilizer. Under the same planting density,the Pn of leaves, the number of capsules per plant, grains per capsule, and 1000-grain weight increased with the increase of nitrogen application levels. The yield of planting density with 187 500 plants/ha treatment was the highest, and compared with 112 500 plants/ha treatment, its yield increased by 15.30% and 16.69% in two years,respectively. The 100kg/ha nitrogen application levels with the planting density of 187 500 plants/ha contribute to obtaining the highest yield. In addition, the nitrogen uptake and use efficiency were more than 50%, and the agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer reached more than 4.27kg/kg, which was the optimal combination for high-yield and efficient production of white sesame.
作者
李丰
高桐梅
苏小雨
魏利斌
王东勇
田媛
李同科
杨自豪
卫双玲
Li Feng;Gao Tongmei;Su Xiaoyu;Wei Libin;Wang Dongyong;Tian Yuan;Li Tongke;Yang Zihao;Wei Shuangling(Henan Sesame Research Center,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Plains,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Henan Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China;Pingyu County Agriculture Science and Technology Experimental Station,Pingyu 463400,Henan,China)
出处
《作物杂志》
北大核心
2022年第2期215-221,共7页
Crops
基金
国家特色油料作物产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-14)
河南省重大科技专项子课题(20130011600-4)
河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2020ZC53,2021ZC7)
中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2020M672239)。
关键词
芝麻
施氮量
种植密度
光合速率
产量
氮肥利用率
Sesame
Nitrogen rate
Planting density
Photosynthetic rate
Yield
Nitrogen use efficiency
