摘要
【目的】明确大田等氮量条件下,有机肥替代化肥对玉米农田土壤温室气体(N_(2)O和CO_(2))排放及其增温潜势的影响,为稳定作物产量、减少化肥投入、减少氮肥流失、提高氮肥利用效率提供理论依据。【方法】2018和2019年大田采用静态箱-气相色谱法,以不施肥(CK)为对照,比较等氮量条件下常规单施化肥(NPK)、有机肥替代30%(化学肥料180 kg N·hm^(-2)+有机肥90 kg N·hm^(-2),NPKM30)、有机肥替代50%(化学肥料135 kg N·hm^(-2)+有机肥135 kg N·hm^(-2),NPKM50)对夏玉米生育期土壤N_(2)O和CO_(2)排放的影响,并估算玉米季农田温室气体排放量、全球增温潜势(global warming potential,GWP)和农业碳足迹(carbon footprint)。【结果】等氮量条件下NPK、NPKM30和NPKM50处理间的玉米籽粒产量没有显著差异。玉米整个生育期土壤N_(2)O排放通量呈动态变化,且3个施肥处理的N_(2)O排放通量均高于对照。与NPK相比,NPKM30处理两年N_(2)O累积排放量均值增加5.22%,而NPKM50处理降低7.92%。玉米生育期N_(2)O累积排放量占土壤全氮的12.91‱—18.74‱。3个施肥处理间CO_(2)排放通量的季节变化趋势基本一致,变幅为74.53—367.04 mg·m^(-2)·h^(-1)。施肥显著增加CO_(2)累积排放量,与NPK相比,NPKM30和NPKM50处理两年CO_(2)累积排放量均值分别增加0.91%和5.79%;GWP分别增加2.07%和2.10%。与NPK处理相比,NPKM30处理的温室气体排放强度(GHGI)和单位产量碳足迹降低2.46%和1.43%,而NPKM50处理增加3.37%和1.43%。【结论】部分有机肥替代化肥能够增加玉米田土壤温室气体排放量和全球增温潜势,但能够保持玉米产量稳定,同时有效降低温室气体排放强度和单位产量碳足迹,综合考虑玉米产量和生态效益,有机肥替代30%(NPKM30)是实现玉米稳产减肥减排较为理想的有机肥替代化肥比例。
【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on soil greenhouse gas emission and global warming potential(GWP),so as to provide the theoretical basis for keeping crop yield stable,reducing fertilizer input and nitrogen(N)loss,and improving N use efficiency.【Method】In 2018 and 2019,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers rate on soil N_(2)O flux,CO_(2) flux and GWP and carbon footprint by using static chamber and gas chromatography in maize yield.Four treatments,including control(CK),single application of inorganic fertilizer(NPK),organic fertilizer replacing 30%inorganic fertilizers(inorganic fertilizers 180 kg N·hm^(-2)+organic fertilizer 90 kg N·hm^(-2),NPKM30),and organic fertilizer replacing 50%inorganic fertilizers(inorganic fertilizers 135 kg N·hm^(-2)+organic fertilizer 135 kg N·hm^(-2),NPKM50),were established during maize growth periods.【Result】There was no significant difference of maize grain yield among NPK,NPKM30 and NPKM50 in 2018 and 2019.During the maize growth periods,the N_(2)O emission flux showed temporal variations,and the average fluxes under three fertilizer treatments were higher than that under CK.Compared with NPK,NPKM30 increased the N_(2)O cumulative emission by 5.22%,while reduced by 7.92%for NPKM50 treatment.The N_(2)O cumulative emission over the maize growth periods accounted for 12.91‱-18.74‱of soil total N.During the maize growth periods,soil CO_(2) flux showed similar temporal patterns among the four treatments,and the average flux for the two years ranged from 74.53 to 367.04 mg·m^(-2)·h^(-1).Fertilization input significantly increased the cumulative CO_(2) emission,and the average CO_(2) accumulation under NPKM30 and NPKM50 treatments increased by 0.91%and 5.79%than that under NPK treatment,respectively.The average GWP under NPKM30 and NPKM50 treatments was 2.07%and 2.10%higher than that under NPK treatment,r
作者
李晓立
何堂庆
张晨曦
田明慧
吴梅
李潮海
杨青华
张学林
LI XiaoLi;HE TangQing;ZHANG ChenXi;TIAN MingHui;WU Mei;LI ChaoHai;YANG QingHua;ZHANG XueLin(Agronomy College,Henan Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops for 2011,Zhengzhou 450002)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期948-961,共14页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0200605)
河南省自然科学基金(182300410013)。
关键词
有机肥替代化肥
温室气体
全球增温潜势
温室气体排放强度
碳足迹
organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer
greenhouse gas
global warming potential
greenhouse gas emission intensity
carbon footprint
