摘要
考虑两个竞争企业的研发投资存在非对称溢出效应时的最优研发投资策略问题。运用博弈论构建有无研发投资的模型并求解分析,揭示不同强度的研发投资溢出、吸收能力和研发成功概率等因素对竞争企业研发投资博弈均衡的影响。结果表明:两个企业的研发投资溢出均较弱时,它们都会投资;一方的溢出较弱而另一方的较强时,双方将分别成为唯一的投资方和搭便车者;溢出效应中等时,它们或者都投资,或者都不投资;溢出效应均足够强时,二者都不投资。敏感性分析显示,企业会依据不同水平的产品差异度、吸收能力和研发成功概率调整最优研发投资策略。此外,消费者剩余和社会福利在两个企业都投资时最优,单一企业投资时次之,无研发投资时最差。
With the competition of the business environment becoming more and more intense,a large number of firms are trying to make R&D investments to strengthen their cost competitive advantage.However,the R&D investment a firm made may exist spillover effect and benefit its competitors.Extant research primarily focuses on R&D investments under symmetric spillover effect.In practice,the asymmetric spillover effect is commonly seen because the degree of intellectual property protection varies across industries.Neither the role of asymmetric spillover effect in competitive environment nor the conditions where firms have incentives to make R&D investment have been explored in the literature.In this paper,we investigate the question of whether or not two competing firms should make R&D investments to reduce the production costs under the asymmetric spillover effect.We consider four possible cases:the case where both firms make R&D investment,the case in which a single firm invests whereas the other behaves as the free-rider,and the case without R&D investment.We develop decision models in each of these cases by game theory and solve the equilibrium outcomes by backward inductions.Then,we make two-party comparisons of the equilibrium outcomes and comprehensively discuss the optimal R&D investment strategies.Furthermore,we conduct sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the impact of asymmetric spillover effect on the firms′optimal expected profits,consumer surplus,and social welfare.Our main contribution is we explicitly identify circumstances in which competitive firms have incentives to make R&D investments.In addition,we explore how do factors such as asymmetric spillover effect,absorptive capacity,the probability of innovation success,and product substitutability affect the optimal decisions and profits of the game players.The main findings are as follows.First,the asymmetric spillover effect plays a pivotal role in affecting the optimal R&D investment strategies of competitive firms.In particular,if both firms face a weak
作者
夏晶
牛文举
Xia Jing;Niu Wenju(School of Management,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210003,Jiangsu,China;School of Marketing and Logistics Manageinent,Nanjing University of Finance&Economics,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《科研管理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期108-117,共10页
Science Research Management
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(71901116,2020—2022)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(71671085,2017—2020)。
关键词
研发投资
非对称溢出
吸收能力
消费者剩余
社会福利
R&D investment
asymmetric spillover
absorptive capacity
consumer surplus
social welfare
