摘要
The plastic deformation showing instability has been a subject receiving considerable attention for centuries due to its importance in many industrial processes.For Al alloys,the major instability is the Portevin-Le Chatelier(PLC)effect that appears within a certain region of strain,strain rate and temperature.It manifests itself on the stress−strain curve as serrations associating with the rapid accumulation of plastic deformation within inclined slip bands.The PLC effect has severe practical consequences,which damages the surface quality after the sheet metal forming process and threatens the tensile ductility.Therefore,it is crucial to investigate the fundamental mechanisms underlying the PLC effect and in particular to investigate how it can be tempered by tailoring the material microstructure.In this paper,we review the common interpretations of the PLC effect and summarize the experimental results of the effects of the precipitation and the grain refinement,two conventional strengthening methodologies in Al alloys,on the serrated plastic flow.The effectiveness of solute atom clusters in suppressing the PLC effect is emphasized.
在应力作用下金属材料的塑性失稳现象对构件的安全服役至关重要,这也一直是科学和工程领域关心的重要问题之一。铝合金作为应用广泛的轻质金属结构材料,普遍存在由Portevin-Le Chatelier(PLC)效应引起的塑性失稳现象。不同于结构设计和应力状态导致的屈曲失稳,PLC效应是材料的本征特性,起源于可动溶质原子反复钉扎位错与位错脱钉扎之间的动态交互作用;宏观表现为,在特定的应变速率和温度区间内,局部变形带会突发形核并迅速扩展,在应力−应变曲线上对应出现应力波动。通常,PLC效应导致的应力波动幅值有限,但与其伴生的负应变速率敏感性会降低材料延性,且局部滑移特性会破坏钣金成形金属的表面质量,在汽车蒙皮等注重外观的应用中须加以规避。因此,探索铝合金中PLC效应的微观机理,以及如何通过微观结构人为调控PLC效应,具有重要的意义。本文对PLC效应及其微观机理进行概括性的介绍,并总结了铝合金中两种主要微观结构调控方式(析出调控和细晶调控)对于PLC效应的作用规律。需特别指出,作为新型的强化原子结构,高密度的溶质团簇不仅可以打破强度—延性的倒置关系,还展现出比析出相更为有效的PLC效应抑制作用。
作者
ZHANG Peng
LIU Gang
SUN Jun
张鹏;刘刚;孙军(State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)
基金
Projects(52001249,51761135031,51790482,51722104)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Project(2017YFB0702301)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China
Project(2019M653595)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation。
