摘要
分析长历时农业气象灾害时空特征,可为防灾减灾决策的制定提供重要科学依据。本文基于1978-2018年全国31个省(市、自治区)农业气象灾害数据,分析了我国各类农业气象灾害近40 a时空变化特征,讨论了2011-2018年农业气象灾害结构的区域分异。结果表明:(1)1978-2018年期间全国平均受灾率和成灾率分别为27.0%和13.8%,农业受灾面积呈减少-增加-再减少的动态变化。各类气象灾害中干旱、洪涝、风雹灾害呈减小趋势,而低温冷冻灾害受灾呈增加趋势,台风受灾无明显变化。(2)在空间分布上从1978-2018年,农业气象灾害发生率均为北部省份大于南部省份,七大地理分区以东北地区灾害发生率最大。(3)2011-2018年期间我国农业气象灾害分布表现为东北、西北和华北黄淮地区以旱灾为主,长江中下游西部和西南地区旱涝并重,华南地区、长江中下游沿海地区以台风灾害为主;与1978-2010年平均灾害结构相比,2011-2018年期间全国总受灾面积中旱灾占比减小,而洪涝、风雹、低温冷冻和雪灾和台风灾害占比均增加。(4)2011-2018年直接经济损失以洪涝灾害为主,经济发达地区损失更大;受灾人口数量受干旱影响比例减小,而受其余灾害影响则增加。
Researches on long-term spatio-temporal characteristics of agrometeorology disasters can provide an important basis for making strategies of reducing and preventing disaster. This paper collected the data of agrometeorological disasters(drought,flood,hail,freezing and snow,typhoon)in 31 provinces(cities and municipalities)in China from 1978 to 2018 to explore the spatio-temporal change characteristics of various agrometeorological disasters in recent 40 years and to discuss regional differences of disaster structure during 2011-2018. The results indicated as follows:(1)The average disaster-affected rate and disaster rate were 27.0% and 13.8%,respectively. The disasters-affected area and disaster area from 1978 to 2018 showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend. In five agrometeorological disasters drought,flood and hailstorm showed the decreasing trend,while freezing and snow disasters presented the increasing trend,and typhoon disaster had no obvious change trend.(2)The regional distributions of agrometeorological disaster were that the northern provinces was higher than the southern provinces.In the seven geographical regions of China,the Northeast China had the highest disaster rate.(3)From 2011 to2018 drought was the main disaster in Northeast China,Northwest China,North China-huang-huai regions,Drought and flood are both serious in the west of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Southwest China and typhoon disaster was the main disaster in South Chinaand Coastal areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Compared to the average multi-year disaster structure,the occupying proportion of drought disaster in the total disaster was decreasing,while occupying proportions of flood,hailstorm,freezing and snow and typhoon disasters were increasing.(4)The direct economic losses from 2011 to 2018 were dominated by flood disasters,direct economic losses in economically developed areas were higher. Moreover,the proportion of the affected population by drought presented the decreasi
作者
赵娅君
郑粉莉
姚亚庆
张加琼
ZHAO Yajun;ZHENG Fenli;YAO Yaqing;ZHANG Jiaqiong(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming in Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS&MWR,Yangling 712100,China)
出处
《自然灾害学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期198-207,共10页
Journal of Natural Disasters
基金
黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项资助(XDA28010201)。
关键词
农业气象灾害
时空特征
受灾面积
直接经济损失
受灾人口
agrometeorological disaster
spatio-temporal characteristic
disasters-affected area
direct economic loss
affected population
