摘要
无人机被广泛应用于各种商用/民用领域,并有望在未来十年带来巨大的价值和广阔的商机.在无线网络如4G/5G乃至6G及其新技术的支持下,无人机能够高效地完成空中监测、空中摄像、搜索和救援等任务.特别地,无人机作为空中通信平台/用户的相关应用是近几年的研究热点,而现有的大多数研究集中在陆地环境.本文针对临海通信系统,系统阐述无人机在涉海应用中的前景与挑战.首先介绍无人机类型及应用场景、通信链路和信道特性,然后讨论临海空间中无人机在方位部署、路径规划、能量效率、通信覆盖、干扰控制、远距离数据回传等方面的问题与机遇.最后考虑风对临海无人机通信的影响,以海上浮标数据收集为例,设计了一种无人机循环飞行轨迹,其能够主动适应/利用海风实现高效节能通信.通过系统介绍、问题凝练与案例分析,指引无人机赋能临海通信系统设计.
Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)are widely employed in various commercial/civilian domains with ever-increasing values and business opportunities in current and coming decades.With the support of wireless technologies in 4G/5G and beyond,UAV can efficiently complete various tasks such as aerial surveillance,photography,search and rescue among others.In particular,the application of UAV as aerial communication platforms or aerial communication users has attracted considerable research interests in recent years,whereas most existing investigations focus on the terrestrial settings.In this study,we systematically present the prospects and challenges of UAVs application in offshore communication systems for marine exploration and exploitation.The types of offshore UAVs and their application scenarios are first introduced,along with involved communication links and channel characteristics.The role of UAV in the offshore communication system is then discussed,followed by research opportunities and challenges including UAV deployment,path planning,energy efficiency,communication coverage,interference control,and long-range backhaul among others.Finally,as a concrete example,a maritime data collection system with a fixed-wing UAV under windy conditions is investigated,and a novel cyclical trajectory design framework is proposed to proactively adapt to utilize the wind to complete the communication task with significant power savings and reduced computational/trajectory complexity.Through the comprehensive overview,highlighted problems and potential solution techniques as well as the illustrative case study,practical guidance are provided for designing UAV-enabled offshore communication systems.
作者
吕江滨
张一帆
邱瑾
付立群
LYU Jiangbin;ZHANG Yifan;QIU Jin;FU Liqun(School of Informatics,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)
出处
《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期149-162,共14页
Journal of Xiamen University：Natural Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(61801408,61771017)
福建省自然科学基金(2019J05002)
中央高校基本科研业务费(20720190008)。
关键词
无线通信
空天地海一体化信息网络
临海通信系统
无人机
wireless communication
space-air-ground-sea integrated information network
offshore communication systems
unmanned aerial vehicle
