摘要
为探讨除草剂与安全剂混用对杂草的防治效果及对糜子安全性的影响,以‘榆糜2号’为试验材料,在糜子三叶期选取两种茎叶型除草剂——阔世玛(3.6%二磺•甲碘隆水分散粒剂)和锐超麦(20%双氟•氟氯酯可湿性粉剂)与两种安全剂——芸苔素内酯(brassinolide,BR)和赤霉素(gibbrellic acid,GA)进行混合喷施,同时设置人工除草对照(CK1)和清水对照(CK2),测定药害指数、杂草防效、糜子叶片叶绿素相对含量、叶片活性氧代谢、地上生物量与产量的变化。结果表明:BR可完全消除低剂量阔世玛的药害,使高剂量阔世玛的平均药害指数显著下降58.2%;GA可完全消除低剂量锐超麦的药害,使高剂量锐超麦的平均药害指数显著下降81.7%;添加安全剂后药剂的杂草防效降低1.7%~18.0%,但总体防效较好。除草剂与安全剂混用,在一定程度上提高了糜子叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和叶绿素含量,显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量;与单施除草剂相比,低剂量阔世玛、高剂量阔世玛与BR混合喷施后,糜子叶片SOD活性分别在抽穗后7 d及28 d内明显上升;锐超麦与BR或GA混合喷施后,糜子叶片SOD活性在抽穗后7 d内显著升高。与单施除草剂相比,阔世玛与BR或GA混合喷施,在糜子抽穗后21~28 d时地上生物量显著增加;低剂量锐超麦与B R混用在抽穗后14 d内以及高剂量锐超麦与GA混用在抽穗后28 d内,地上生物量显著增加。除草剂与安全剂混合喷施后显著增加了糜子产量,其中,600 g/hm^(2)的阔世玛与0.015 g/hm^(2)的BR混用、100 g/hm^(2)的锐超麦与14.7 g/hm^(2)的GA混用的产量最高,分别较CK2增加了26.1%和27.9%,比单施除草剂的分别增产了4.6%和11.6%。研究结果可为糜子田除草剂的安全应用及利用植物生长调节剂缓解除草剂药害提供科学依据。
To evaluate the effect of herbicides mixed with safeners on weeds control efficacy and the safety to proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.)at high-and low-dosages of herbicides,Sigma broad(mesosulfuron-methyl+iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium 3.6%WG)and Quelex(halauxifen-methyl+florasulam 20%WP),were mixed with safeners,brassinolide(BR)or gibberellic acid(GA),and sprayed on the leaves and stems of‘Yumi-2’cultivar at three-leaf stage.Meanwhile,artificial weeding(control check 1,CK1)and tap water(control check 2,CK2)were included.The phytotoxicity index,control efficacy of weed,relative chlorophyll content,and active oxygen metabolism in leaves,shoot biomass,and seed yields were measured.The results showed that:BR eliminated the phytotoxicity of Sigma broad herbicide at low dosage,and 11.5%reduction of phytotoxicity index at high dosage;GA eliminated the phytotoxicity of low-dose Quelex herbicide and 40.9%reduction of phytotoxicity index of high-dose Quelex herbicide.However,the control effect of weed decreased 1.7%-18.0%in the treatments of herbicides and safener combinations.Application of herbicide plus safener increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and chlorophyll content to some extent and decreased the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)significantly in proso millet leaves.Compared with the single application of herbicide,the SOD activity in the leaves of proso millet increased in the treatments of low-and high-dose Sigma broad herbicide mixed with BR at 7 d and 28 d after heading stage,and in the treatments of Quelex herbicide mixed with BR or GA at 7d after heading stage.Compared with the single application of herbicide,the shoot biomass of proso millet increased significantly in the treatments of Sigma broad herbicide mixed with BR or GA at 21-28 d after heading stage,and low-dose Quelex mixed with BR at 14 d after heading stage,and high-dose Quelex mixed with GA at 28 d after heading stage.The treatments with the mixture of herbicides and safener increased the seed yield of proso millet.The maximum yield
作者
林瑞嫦
王婉
高小丽
LIN Ruichang;WANG Wan;GAO Xiaoli(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Kunming Seed Management Station,Kunming 650100,China)
出处
《农药学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期352-360,共9页
Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science
基金
国家谷子高粱产业技术体系项目(CARS-06-13.5-A26)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2018TSCXL-NY-03-01).
关键词
糜子
阔世玛(3.6%二磺•甲碘隆水分散粒剂)
锐超麦(20%双氟•氟氯酯可湿性粉剂)
芸苔素内酯
赤霉素
杂草防效
药害缓解
Proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.)
Sigma broad(mesosulfuron-methyl+iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium 3.6%WG)
Quelex(halauxifen-methyl+florasulam 20%WP)
brassinolide
gibberellic acid
control efficacy
phytotoxicity alleviation
