摘要
针对豫东引黄灌区冬小麦的耗水量问题,设计了大棚测坑P1、P2、P3和大田测坑T1、T2、CK,全程试验监测冬小麦在219 d生育期的耗水、生长、收获、考种等数据。将冬小麦的生育期划分为2个时段、13个生长期,每个测坑均设不同水分控制下限,上限均为100%田间持水量。对比冬小麦考种数据平均值,大田测坑的7个指标均优于大棚测坑,因此大田测坑的节水增产效果显著优于大棚测坑。P1测坑的全生育期灌水量为181.238 mm,只有灌区冬小麦近20 a平均灌溉需水量的41.3%。T1测坑的总灌水量为286.509 mm,只有平均灌溉需水量的63.2%,其单位面积产量为0.755 kg/m^(2),为河南省平均单位面积产量的118.8%,试验证明节水增产效果显著。大田3个测坑采用大水漫灌,最接近引黄灌区农田正常的灌溉方式,因此T1的非需水关键期、需水关键期的灌水下限控制标准分别为55%、60%田间持水量,适用于在引黄灌区节水中推广使用。
In view of the water consumption of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area of Henan Province,greenhouse pit P1,P2,P3 and field pit T1,T2,CK were designed to monitor the water consumption,growth,harvest,seed test and other data of winter wheat in the growth period of 219 days.The growth period of winter wheat was divided into 2 periods and 13 growing periods.Different water control lower limit was set in each pit,and the upper limit was 100%of field water capacity.Compared with the average of winter wheat seed test da⁃ta,field pit test was superior to greenhouse pit test in 7 indicators,so field pit test was significantly superior to greenhouse pit test in water⁃saving yield increase effect.The irrigation amount of P1 pit in the whole growth period was 181.238 mm,only 41.3%of the average irrigation water requirement of winter wheat in the irrigated area in recent 20 years.The total irrigation amount of T1 pit was 286.509 mm,which was only 63.2%of the average irrigation water requirement.The yield per unit area was 0.755 kg/m^(2),which was 118.8%of the average yield per unit area in Henan Province.Flood irrigation was adopted in the three pits in the field,which was closest to the normal irrigation method of farmland in the Yellow River irrigation area.Therefore,the lower limit control standards of irrigation water in T1 in the critical period of non⁃water demand and critical period of water demand were 55%and 60%respectively,which were suitable for water⁃saving promotion in the Yellow River irrigation area.
作者
王孟桢
杨宏飞
张俊峰
冯跃华
姜楠
高子乐
WANG Mengzhen;YANG Hongfei;ZHANG Junfeng;FENG Yuehua;JIANG Nan;GAO Zile(Eastern Henan Water Conservancy Administration Bureau Sanyizhai Branch,Lankao 475300,China;Eastern Henan Water Conservancy Administration Bureau,Kaifeng 475000,China;Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute,Kaifeng 475004,China;Henan Engineering Technology Center for Water Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River,Kaifeng 475004,China)
出处
《人民黄河》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第4期152-156,160,共6页
Yellow River
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51809110)
2019年度河南省水利科技攻关计划项目(GG201938)
2020年开封市黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展创新专项计划项目(2020012)
2021年河南省科技攻关项目(212102311147)。
关键词
引黄灌区
冬小麦
生育期
耗水量
河南省
Yellow River irrigation area
winter wheat
growth period
actual water consumption
Henan Province
