摘要
农田杂草是影响作物品质和产量的主要因素,而化学除草是现代农业生产中杂草控制的主要手段。乙酰乳酸合酶(ALS,acetolactate synthase)也称乙酰羟基酸合酶(Acetohydroxyacid synthase),是植物支链氨基酸生物合成第一步的催化酶。ALS抑制剂类除草剂也称ALS类除草剂,其通过干扰ALS与底物结合来抑制植物支链氨基酸的生物合成,从而达到灭杀杂草的目的。随着ALS类除草剂在农业生产上的广泛应用,除草剂残留对后茬作物的伤害问题日益严重,对作物产量和品质的影响也尤为明显。因此,创制和培育ALS抑制剂类作物种质,是充分利用此类除草剂进行杂草防控的有效途径之一。通过化学诱变和自然突变的方法已在多种作物中创制出对ALS类除草剂具有抗性的种质,并成功培育出抗性品种。本文从ALS类除草剂的特性、种类和适用范围,抗ALS类除草剂作物的抗性机制,抗ALS类除草剂的作物种质创制和利用研究进展等方面进行了综述,以期为作物抗ALS类除草剂种质创新和品种选育提供参考,并对未来抗ALS类除草剂作物的可能发展作出简单预测。
Field weeds are the main factors affecting crop quality and yield,and chemical weed control is the primary strategy in modern agricultural production. Acetolactate synthase(ALS),also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase,is the critical enzyme in the biosynthesis of branched amino acids in plants. ALS inhibitor herbicides are also called ALS herbicides,which inhibit the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids in plants by disturbing the binding of ALS to substrates,achieving the purpose of killing weeds. With the widespread application of ALS herbicides in agricultural production,the problem of herbicide residues on subsequent crops is becoming more and more serious. The impact on crop yield and quality is particularly obvious.Thus,breeding for cultivars resistant to these herbicides would bring great advantage in effective weed control.Germplasm resistant to ALS herbicides has been created in a variety of crops through chemical mutagenesis and natural mutation,and resistant varieties have been successfully developed. In this study,the characteristics,types and scope of application for ALS herbicides,the resistance mechanism of ALS herbicide-resistant crops,and the research progress of germplasm creation and utilization of ALS herbicide-resistant crops were reviewed,which provides a better understanding of crops resistant to ALS herbicides. The innovation of herbicide germplasm and variety selection can provide reference,and make a simple prediction for the possible development of ALSresistant herbicide crops in the future.
作者
刘长乐
郭月
李芳芳
袁自成
龙卫华
浦惠明
胡茂龙
LIU Chang-le;GUO Yue;LI Fang-fang;YUAN Zi-cheng;LONG Wei-hua;PU Hui-ming;HU Mao-long(School of Life Sciences,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212023;Institute of Industrial Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanjing Subcenter,National Center of Oil Crops Improvement/Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed(Nanjing),Ministry of Agriculture/Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center far Modern Crop Production,Nanjing 210014;School of Food and Biological Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013;College of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,Nanjing 210095;College of Crop Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002)
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期333-345,共13页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
国家自然科学基金(31870519,31901503)
国家油菜产业技术体系(CARS-12)
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20190267)。
