摘要
为评估土壤-作物系统综合管理(ISSM)的应用效果并为区域作物可持续高产高效提供技术支撑,基于2009−2020年开展的春玉米长期定位试验,探讨不施肥(CK)、农民习惯(FP)、高产管理(HY)和ISSM 4种管理方式对玉米产量、植株磷钾养分吸收量、利用效率及土壤磷钾养分状况的长期影响。结果显示,12年间CK处理玉米产量大幅下降,FP处理产量略有下降,而HY和ISSM处理产量呈上升趋势。ISSM处理的年均产量、磷钾养分吸收量分别较FP处理显著增加26%、24%和32%,达到了HY处理的98%、91%和85%。ISSM处理的平均磷、钾肥利用率分别较FP处理增加18.7和1.2个百分点,较HY处理增加17.4和24.8个百分点。采用ISSM方式12 a后较FP处理显著提高0~20和20~40 cm土层的全量磷、钾和速效磷、钾含量及0~20 cm土层各粒级团聚体中的速效磷、钾含量。相关性分析发现各指标间均呈正相关关系,其中产量与植株磷、钾吸收利用指标间,土壤磷、钾养分与>0.25 mm粒级团聚体磷、钾养分指标间的相关性较强。结果表明,ISSM方式可实现春玉米的长期高产稳产,增加磷钾养分吸收利用,提高土壤磷钾养分供应能力,促进土壤-作物系统可持续发展。
In order to evaluate the application effectiveness of integrated soil-crop system management(ISSM)and provide technical support for sustainable high yield and efficiency in regional crop production,based on the long-term(2009-2020)located experiment we discussed the effects of no fertilization(CK),farmer’s practice(FP),high yield management(HY)and ISSM on maize yield,plant phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)uptake,use efficiency and soil P and K nutrient status.The results showed that the grain yield in CK treatment decreased dramatically during the 12-year experimental period,a slightly decreased yield trend was found in FP treatment,while continually increased yields trends were observed in HY and ISSM treatments.Compared with FP treatment,ISSM treatment significantly increased the average yield and plant P and K uptake by 26%,24%and 32%,respectively,and reached 98%,91%and 85%of those in HY treatment.The average use efficiency of P and K fertilizer in ISSM treatment were 18.7,1.2 units higherthan those in FP treatment,and 17.4,24.8 units higher than those in HY treatment,respectively.Compared with FP treatment,the 12-year adopting ISSM significantly increased total and available contents of P and K in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers,and available contents of P and K for all the aggregate size fractions in 0-20 cm soil layer.The positive and significant correlations were observed between all the measured parameters,of which the stronger correlations were found among grain yield,plant P and K uptake and use efficiency,as well as between soil P and K contents and those in the aggregate fractions that>0.25 mm size.In conclusion,ISSM could achieve long-term high and stable yield for spring maize,increase P and K uptake and utilization in plants,and improve soil P and K nutrient supply capacity,consequently promote the sustainable development in the whole soil-crop system.
作者
曹雅琪
王寅
朱琳
李玉玺
郑春雨
陈安吉
冯国忠
高强
CAO Yaqi;WANG Yin;ZHU Lin;LI Yuxi;ZHENG Chunyu;CHEN Anji;FENG Guozhong;GAO Qiang(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation,Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province,Changchun 130118,China)
出处
《华中农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期88-97,共10页
Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University
基金
吉林省自然科学基金面上项目(20190201117JC)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200101)。
关键词
土壤-作物系统综合管理
玉米
产量
磷
钾
高产高效
土壤肥力
绿色可持续发展
integrated soil-crop system management
maize
yield
phosphorus
potassium
high yield and high efficiency
soil fertility
green and sustainable development
