摘要
The degradation of the anti-inflammatory ibuprofen(IBP)was evaluated by several advanced oxidation processes.IBP was treated by single ozonation and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),as well as a combination of these treatments.In order to improve the efficiency,the presence of catalysts such as original carbon nanotubes,labelled as CNT,and iron oxide supported on carbon nanotubes,named as Fe/CNT sample,was considered.The evolution of IBP degradation,mineralization and toxicity of the solutions was assessed.The formation of intermediates was also monitored.In the non-catalytic processes,IBP was faster removed by single ozonation,whereas no significant total organic carbon(TOC)removal was achieved.Oxidation with H_(2)O_(2) did not present satisfactory results.When ozone and H_(2)O_(2) were combined,a higher mineralization was attained(70%after 180 min of reaction).On the other hand,in the catalytic processes,this combined process allowed the fastest IBP degradation.In terms of mineralization degree,the presence of Fe/CNT increases the removal rate in the first hour of reaction,achieving a TOC removal of 85%.Four compounds were detected as by-products.All treated solutions presented lower toxicity than the initial solution,suggesting that the released intermediates during applied processes are less toxic.
基金
financially supported by Base Funding–UIDB/50020/2020 of the Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM–funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES(PIDDAC)
Project PTDC/EAM-AMB/31337/2017–POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031337–funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020–Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização(POCI)
with financial support of FCT/MCTES through national funds(PIDDAC)
by NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-069836
co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF),through the North Portugal Regional Operational Programme(NORTE2020),under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement
FCT funding under DL57/2016 Transitory Norm Programme
FCT funding under the Scientific Employment Stimulus–Institutional Call CEECINST/00049/2018
