摘要
中美两国版权法均将新闻报道作为合理使用的重要事由之一,美国司法实践在遵循合理使用“四要素”判断标准的前提下,针对新闻报道形成一些特殊规则。关于使用的目的与性质,区分了“被使用作品本身构成被报道对象”以及“被使用作品辅助说明报道内容”两种类型,前者更有利于合理使用的认定,而后者则要考虑“融合性”要件。关于被使用作品的性质,则关注作品的独创性和是否已经发表,特别是在作者发表权与公众知情权之间的平衡。关于作品使用的程度,则从定量评估和定性分析两个视角加以考量。关于对被使用作品的影响,则从实际损失和潜在损失两方面加以分析。我国著作权法针对新闻报道的合理使用规则有诸多模糊之处,司法实践中也未形成统一标准,美国现已形成的判断规则对我国具有积极的借鉴意义。
Both Chinese and American copyright laws regard news reports a s one of the important causes of fair use.On the premise of following the"four elements"judgment standard of fair use,American judicial practice has formed some special rules for news reports.As for the purpose and character of use,the author distinguishes two types:"the used works constitut e the object of news report"and"the used works assist in explai ning the content of the report".The former is more conducive to the composition of fair use,while the latter should conside r the elements of"mix.Regarding the nature of the works used,it is concerned with the originality of the work and whether it has been published,especially the balance between the author's right to publish and the public's right to know.As for the degree of the use of the work,it is considered from two perspectives:quantitative evaluation and qualitative analysis.As for the influence on the used works,it is analyzed from two aspects:act ual loss and potential loss.There are many ambiguities in the fair use rules of China's copyright law for news reports,and no uniform standards have been formed in judicial practice.The ju dgment rules that have been formed in the United States are of positive reference signifi cance to China.
出处
《电子知识产权》
2022年第2期27-38,共12页
Electronics Intellectual Property
关键词
新闻报道
合理使用
转换性使用
判断标准
News Report
Fair Use
Transformational Use
Criteria of Judgment
