摘要
紫花地丁(Viola philippica)具有开放花(CH)和闭锁花(CL)形成的两种类型果实,且具有“持续结果”和“持续散布种子”的特性,在同一时间均能观察到不同成熟度的果实。在对紫花地丁果实与种子形态观测的基础上,比较两种类型果实发育进程以及不同发育阶段种子的形态和萌发特性。结果表明,1) CH果实发育进程时间(24~29 d)长于CL果实发育进程时间(16 d)。2) CH和CL果实的阶段发育特征和开裂散布特性相同,根据果实和果柄的夹角及果实的形态特征将果实(种子)按照成熟度分为8个等级。随发育时间的延长,CH和CL果实和种子的长宽呈上升趋势且在各时期CH果实和种子的长宽都大于CL果实和种子,种子在不同发育阶段千粒重和含水量呈相反趋势变化,即千粒重上升,含水量下降。3)当果实与果柄夹角大于90°后(Ⅳ期后) CH和CL种子的千粒重和含水量基本稳定(1.00~1.15 g,5%~13%);在不同发育阶段两种种子的萌发特性存在差异。在成熟度较低情况下(Ⅳ期以前),两种种子的萌发率、萌发指数和活力指数都显著增高(P <0.05),Ⅳ期后各时期种子萌发指标达最高值后有下降趋势但差异均不显著(P>0.05),且此后种子的萌发率超过了80%,活力指数也一直保持较高水平(400.00~550.00)。综上,果实与果柄夹角大于90°可作为果实采收的标准,表现为CH和CL种子饱满,含水量较低,萌发率高且种子活力强。
Viola philippica has two types of fruits: chasmogamous(CH) flowers and cleistogamous(CL) flowers. In addition, V. philippica has the characteristics of “sustained results” and “continuous seed dispersal”, and fruits of different maturity can be observed at the same time. Based on the observation of the fruit and seed morphology of V. philippica, the development process of the two types of fruits and the morphological germination characteristics of seeds at different development periods were compared. The results showed that: 1) The development time of CH fruit(24 ~ 29 days) was longer than that of CL fruit(16 days). 2) The CH and CL fruits had the same characteristics of development period and cracking dispersion. According to the angle between the fruit and fruit stalk and the morphological characteristics of the fruit,the maturity of the fruit(seed) is divided into 8 levels. With increasing development time, the length and width of CH and CL fruits and seeds showed an increasing trend, and the length and width of CH fruits and seeds were larger than those of CL fruits and seeds in each period. By contrast, the thousand-grain weight and water content of seeds were negatively correlated at different developmental stages;if the thousand-grain weight increased, the water content decreased. 3) When the angle between fruit and stalk was greater than 90°(after Ⅳ period), the thousand grain weight and water content of CH and CL seeds were fundamentally stable(about 1.00 ~ 1.15 g, 5% ~ 13%). The germination characteristics of the two seeds differed during different developmental periods. Under the condition of low maturity(before period IV), the germination rate,germination index, and vigor index of the two seeds were significantly increased(P < 0.05). After period Ⅳ, the germination indexes of seeds in each stage decreased after reaching their highest value, but the difference was not significant(P > 0.05).Thereafter, the germination percentage of seeds reached more than 80%, and the vigor index remained a
作者
陆倩
魏岩
安忻蕾
闫紫烟
LU Qian;WEI Yan;AN Xilei;YAN Ziyan(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of College of Grassland Science,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期520-528,共9页
Pratacultural Science
基金
乌鲁木齐市科学技术计划项目(Y141320004)
国家自然科学基金(31560113)。
关键词
紫花地丁
果实发育
种子形态
成熟度
千粒重
含水量
种子萌发
Viola philippica
fruit development
seed morphology
maturity
thousand grain weight
water contents
seed germination
