摘要
为了探讨不同类型的花生种子对南方春花生产量和品质的影响,采用对比的方法,研究了春留种与秋留种对花生生长发育及荚果产量、品质的差异。结果表明:(1)两种类型花生种子比较,春留种的荚果、籽仁比较大,百果重、百仁重分别比秋留种重18.2、10.2 g;春留种的蛋白质含量低、脂肪含量高,分别比秋留种低0.87%、高2.49%。但春留种的发芽势、发芽率低,分别比秋留种低19.2%、19.7%,发芽指数、活力指数明显比秋留种低,田间出苗率低37.2%。(2)采用春留种种植的花生,其株高比秋留种种植的花生矮7.76 cm,侧枝也短6.42 cm,总分枝数、单株饱果数、单株秕果数、单株茎叶重等农艺性状,与秋留种没有明显差异,但单株荚果重、百果重、百仁重等产量性状,春留种种植的花生均低于秋留种。(3)采用春留种种植的花生平均产量3245.98 kg/hm^(2),秋留种平均产量4375.76 kg/hm^(2),秋留种比春留种产量提高了34.81%。(4)采用春留种与秋留种种植所收获的花生籽仁蛋白质、脂肪、油酸、亚油酸无明显差异。因此,为了提高花生产量,南方春花生提倡采用秋花生种子即秋留种进行播种。
In order to study the effects of different types of peanut seeds on the yield and quality of spring peanuts in southern China,the growth and development of peanuts and the yield and quality of peanuts from the spring and autumn stock peanut seeds were observed for comparative analysis.The comparative analysis showed that the pods and kernels of the spring stock seeds are larger,with their 100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight being 18.2 g and 10.2 g heavier than those of the autumn stock seeds,respectively.The spring stock seeds are lower in protein and higher in fat than the autumn stock seeds,0.87%lower and 2.49%higher,respectively.However,the spring stock seeds are lower in germination vigor and germination rate,19.2%and 19.7%lower than those of the autumn stock seeds,respectively,and are significantly lower in germination index and vigor index than the autumn stock seeds,and their seedling emergence rate in the field is 37.2%lower that of the autumn stock seeds.The plant height of the peanut plants from the spring stock seeds is 7.76cm shorter than that of the peanut plants from the autumn stock seeds,and the lateral branches length is also 6.42 cm shorter;the total branch number,plump pod number per plant,number of half-full seeds per plant,stem and leaf weight per plant and other agronomic traits are not significantly different from those of the autumn stock seeds.However,the pod weight per plant,100-pod weight,100-kernel weight and other yield traits of the plants from the spring stock seeds are lower than those of the plants from the autumn stock seeds.The average yield of the peanut plants from the spring stock seeds is 3 245.98 kg·hm^(2),and the average yield of the peanut plants from the autumn stock seeds is 4 375.76 kg·hm^(2).The yield of the peanuts from the autumn stock seeds is34.81%higher than that of the peanuts from the spring stock seeds.There is no significant difference in protein,fat,oleic acid and linoleic acid between peanut kernels harvested from the plants of the spring stock seeds and
作者
黄金堂
郑国栋
陈海玲
龚屾
邱国清
唐永晖
HUANG Jintang;ZHENG Guodong;CHEN Hailing;GONG Shen;QIU Guoqing;TANG Yonghui(Putian Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Putian,Fujian 351106,China;Putian Seeds Management Station,Putian,Fujian 351102,China;Lianjiang Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Fuzhou,Fujian 350500,China)
出处
《热带农业科学》
2022年第2期9-14,共6页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture
基金
莆田市科技计划项目“花生种质资源收集鉴定与创新利用”(No.2019NJJ004)。
关键词
花生
种子
春留种
秋留种
产量
品质
peanut
seed
spring stock seed
autumn stock seed
yield
quality
