摘要
经过历史自然演变,形成了竹子精巧的多级结构和优异的界面设计——刚性的维管束呈梯度均匀分布在柔性的薄壁细胞中,构成天然“岛链结构”,赋予其高强高韧的同时,通过薄壁细胞和孔隙结构变形或胞间层裂纹偏转来达到吸收能耗、增加阻尼效果,从而抵御自然灾害(雨、雪、风)的侵蚀。本研究从多尺度结构特征(宏观-微观)和化学组分(线形纤维素分子链-无定形木质素聚合物)2方面阐述竹材的振动阻尼特性,分析环境因子(温度、湿度)对其的作用机制,在此基础上,总结竹质复合材料的振动阻尼机理。基于目前广泛应用的竹/木、竹/塑及竹纤维/橡胶颗粒3种复合方式,阐述竹质复合阻尼材料的结构和工艺特征,总结4种层积结构(基础性阻尼、抗冲击型阻尼、轻量型阻尼和静音型阻尼)对竹质复合材料振动阻尼性能的影响规律。依据“材料-结构-功能”一体化设计原则,梳理竹质复合阻尼材料在体育、建筑、交通和电子信息等领域的应用前景。最后,从竹材生物学振动阻尼特征、竹质复合阻尼材料减振调控机制、竹质智能阻尼新材料研发以及制品标准化制定等方面,提出亟需解决的共性科学问题和关键技术。竹质复合阻尼材料具有吸能降耗和抗振降噪功能,在建筑、交通和机械等领域的噪音与振动污染防治方面具有重要意义。
After natural evolution of history,subtle multi-level structure and excellent interface design have been formed inside bamboo.Rigid vascular bundles are gardenly and evenly distributed in flexible parenchymal cells,and a natural“island-chain structure”has been built,which not only offers high strength and toughness,but also enhances energy absorption and damping effect to resist natural disasters(rain,snow and wind),through the deformation of parenchymal cells and void structures,as well as crack deflection of intercellular layer.This paper was conducted to describe the vibration damping performance of bamboo and analyze the action mechanisms of environmental factors(temperature and humidity)upon such performances,from the two aspects of multi-scale structural characteristics(macro-micro)and chemical components(linear cellulose molecular chain-amorphous lignin polymers).Further,the vibration damping mechanisms of bamboo-based composites were summarized.The structure and technological characteristics of bamboo-based damping composites were analyzed,and the effects of four kinds of laminated structures(basic damping,impact damping,lightweight damping and quiet damping)on vibration damping properties of bamboo-based composites were also obtained among the three current widely-used assembly patterns of wood/bamboo,bamboo/plastic,and bamboo fiber/rubber particle.The application prospects of bamboo-based damping composites were discussed in the fields of sports,architecture,transportation and electronic information,according to the integrated design principle of“material-structure-function”.The general scientific problems and key technologies those need to be solved urgently were raised in the end of the paper,towards biological vibration damping characteristics of bamboo,regulatory mechanisms of bamboo-based damping composites,research and development of novel intelligent bamboo-based damping material,and product standardization.Bamboo-based damping composites possess the function of energy absorption,energy c
作者
王戈
韩善宇
陈复明
马晓宇
任学勇
Wang Ge;Han Shanyu;Chen Fuming;Ma Xiaoyu;Ren Xueyong(International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102;Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081;Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083)
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期127-137,共11页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
林业和草原科技创新青年拔尖人才项目(2019132606)。
关键词
竹材
阻尼性能
层积结构
竹质复合材料
应用
bamboo
damping characteristic
laminated structure
bamboo composite material
application
