摘要
枯萎病的感染对香蕉的生长策略有着重要的影响,通过对感染枯萎病的香蕉植株的营养生长、生殖生长过程中的资源分配、表型特征的分析,研究香蕉枯萎病的感病植株对环境的适应性对策。结果表明:香蕉感染枯萎病以后,为应对微生境的变化,会投资更多的能量来对抗枯萎病菌,减少营养生长的能量投入,这样会进一步加快植株的衰老速度,导致枯萎病感病植株叶绿素的相对含量、叶面积指数、叶的含水率、硝态氮(NO3-)、有效磷(P)、钾(K)等含量均会显著减少。病级对幼苗农艺性状的影响较大,幼苗病情发展迅速,3病级以后就很难维持生长而死去,营养期和花果期的植株抵御病害的能力稍强。健康株、2级病株、3级病株的开花率分别为100%、84.9%、42.8%,感病株的开花率显著减小(P<0.05),果指粗分别为12.2、9.30、7.83 cm,感病株开花后结出的果实较小、畸形果或发育不成熟。为保障种群的存活效益达到最大,香蕉感病植株在繁殖策略上会有较大的调整,吸芽数量显著多于健康植株,以适当增强分生无性繁殖体的能力来适应环境,生活史对策上感病植株更趋向于r-对策者的演进,健康植株则趋向于稳健生长的k-对策者。
The infection of Fusarium wilt has an important influence on the life history of banana.The vegetative growth,resource allocation and phenotypic characteristics of banana plants during reproductive growth after Fusarium wilt infection were analyzed,and the adaptability of banana Fusarium wilt susceptible plants to the environment was studied.The result showed that when banana was infected with Fusarium wilt,they would invest more energy to fight Fusarium wilt,and reduced the energy input of vegetative growth to cope with the change of micro environment.It further accelerated the plants senescence,and the relative content of chlorophyll,leaf area index,leaf water content,nitrate nitrogen(NO3-),available phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)of susceptible plants were significantly reduced.The disease grade had a great influence on the agronomic characters of seedling period,and the disease developed rapidly.It was difficult to maintain growth and died after the third disease grade.The plants in vegetative period,flowering and fruiting period had a slightly stronger ability to resist the disease.The flowering rate of healthy plants,grade 2 diseased plants and grade 3 diseased plants were 100%,84.9%and 42.8%respectively.The flowering rate of susceptible plants decreased significantly(P<0.05).The fruit finger diameter was 12.2 cm,9.30 cm and 7.83 cm respectively,and the fruit of susceptible plants was small,malformed or immature.In order to maintain the survival efficiency of the population,the number of buds absorbed by infected plants was significantly more than that of healthy plants,so as to appropriately enhance the ability of meristematic asexual propagation to adapt to the environment.In the life history strategy,the susceptible plants tend to the evolution of r-strategy,while the healthy plants tend to the k-strategy.
作者
只佳增
杜浩
岳建伟
周劲松
赵丽娟
张建春
ZHI Jia-zeng;DU Hao;YUE Jian-wei;ZHOU Jin-song;ZHAO Li-juan;ZHANG Jian-chun(Yunnan Honghe Institute of Tropical Agricultural Science,Hekou 661300,China)
出处
《江西农业学报》
CAS
2022年第1期15-21,共7页
Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi
基金
云南省科技计划(202004AR040006)
云南省科研院所技术开发专项(2019DC011)资助。
关键词
香蕉
枯萎病
生活史
策略
Banana
Fusarium wilt
Life history
Strategy
