摘要
目的:了解2019年蒙自市中小学生常见病的患病现况,为制定防治和干预措施提供理论依据。方法:收集2019年蒙自市7所学校6~18岁儿童青少年常见病的监测数据,按性别和年级对常见病检出率进行差异性比较,并分析检出率随年级的变化趋势。结果:2019年蒙自市中小学生视力低下、近视、乳牙龋齿、恒牙龋齿、超重、肥胖和不良的营养检出率分别为62.5%、48.5%、21.3%、35.7%、12.9%、8.9%和11.7%。女生视力低下、近视、恒牙龋齿的检出率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为83.981、66.539和28.566,P值均<0.05)。男生肥胖、消瘦检出率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为9.199和5.140,P值均<0.05)。随着年级的增高,小学生视力低下、近视、恒牙龋齿、超重、生长迟缓的检出率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为132.274、488.058、545.233、22.414和22.414,P值均<0.05);随着年级的增高,小学生乳牙龋齿、肥胖的检出率呈下降趋势(χ^(2)值分别为961.759和8.500,P值均<0.05)。结论:2019年蒙自市中小学生常见病中视力低下与近视占主导地位。龋齿、超重与肥胖、营养不良问题,需要相关部门根据不同年级学生的特征采对应的措施以提高中小学生的健康水平,越早实施干预,效果越显著。
OBJECTIVE In order to understand the prevalence of common diseases among primary and secondary school students in Mengzi city in 2019,and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and intervention measures.METHODS The monitoring data of common diseases was collected among children and adolescents aged at 6 to 18 from 7 schools in Mengzi in 2019,and the detection rates of common diseases were analyzed by sex and grade among primary and secondary school students,and the trend of detection rates were analyzed with the grade growth.RESULTS In 2019,the detection rates of poor eyesight,myopia,primary dental caries,permanent dental caries,overweight,obesity and malnutrition were 62.5%,48.5%,21.3%,35.7%,12.9%,8.9%and 11.7%,respectively.The diseases which detection rates of females were higher than that of males included poor eyesight(χ^(2)=83.981,P<0.05),myopia(χ^(2)=66.539,P<0.05),and permanent dental caries(χ^(2)=28.566,P<0.05),while the rate of overweight was just the opposite(χ^(2)=9.199,P<0.05).For malnutrition,the emaciation rate of male students was higher than that of females(χ^(2)=5.140,P<0.05).With the grade of growth,the diseases which detection rates showed an upward trend were poor eyesight,myopia,permanent dental caries,overweight and growth retardation(χ^(2)=132.274,488.058,545.233,22.414 and 22.414,P<0.05),while which showed a downward trend are primary dental caries,obesity and emaciation(χ^(2)=961.759,8.500,P<0.05).CONCLUSION In 2019,poor eyesight and myopia were more prominent in the common diseases of among primary and secondary school students in Mengzi.The problems of caries,overweight and obesity,and malnutrition need to be measured according to the characteristics of students of different grades to improve the health level of primary and secondary school students,and the earlier intervention,the more significant the effect.
作者
田向杰
李江
张静
薛红丽
景正朝
TIAN Xiang-jie;LI Jiang;ZHANG Jing;XUE Hong-li;JING Zheng-chao(School of Public Health,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu,730000,China;不详)
出处
《中国初级卫生保健》
2022年第2期86-88,共3页
Chinese Primary Health Care
关键词
中小学生
常见病
监测
变化趋势
primary and secondary school students
common diseases
monitor
variation trend
