摘要
为探索适合关中灌区冬小麦生产的施肥措施,实现陕西省粮食生产安全和土壤可持续利用,以冬小麦品种‘小偃22’为对象,研究常规施用尿素(CK;N:270 kg/hm^(2))、单施尿素(U;N:210 kg/hm^(2))、尿素配施菌肥(UBF;N:210 kg/hm^(2),菌肥:3600 kg/hm^(2))和尿素配施生物炭(UBC;N:210 kg/hm^(2),生物炭:22500 kg/hm^(2))4种施肥措施对冬小麦生长发育、产量构成和氮肥利用的影响。结果表明,优化施肥处理UBF、UBC通过促进冬小麦中后期的生长,提高开花期叶面积指数和成熟期干物质积累量。开花期,优化施肥处理UBF、UBC冬小麦叶面积指数较常规施用尿素处理CK增加2.54%~5.00%;成熟期,尿素配施生物炭处理UBC冬小麦干物质积累量较其他3个处理增加8.41%~17.94%。优化施肥处理U、UBF、UBC冬小麦的成穗数和茎蘖成穗率较常规施用尿素处理CK分别增加1.79%~10.07%、13.70%~31.37%;产量和穗粒数规律均表现为U<CK<UBF<UBC,UBF、UBC较CK分别提高13.94%~21.22%、4.45%~8.21%。优化施肥处理UBF、UBC冬小麦地上部氮素积累量较常规施用尿素处理CK增加6.39%~6.88%,氮素吸收效率提高13.43%~36.79%,氮素利用效率提高6.59%~14.10%,氮肥偏生产力提高21.52%~55.86%。综上所述,尿素配施菌肥、生物炭均能促进冬小麦的生长发育和干物质积累,增加冬小麦氮肥利用和产量,其中播前配施120 kg/hm^(2)氮肥和22500 kg/hm^(2)生物炭,拔节期追施90 kg/hm^(2)氮肥的处理表现最优,是关中灌区农业生产中较为适宜的优化施肥处理。
In order to explore suitable fertilization measures for winter wheat production in Guanzhong irrigation area,so as to realize food production safety and a sustainable soil utilization in Shaanxi province.The winter wheat variety‘Xiaoyan 22’was taken as object,the effects of four fertilization measures on the growth and development,yield composition and nitrogen utilization of winter wheat were studied,the four measures included conventional application of urea(CK;N:270 kg/hm^(2)),single application of urea(U;N:210 kg/hm^(2)),urea combined with bacterial fertilizer(UBF;N:210 kg/hm^(2),bacterial fertilizer:3600 kg/hm^(2)),urea combined with biochar(UBC;N:210 kg/hm^(2),biochar:22.5 t/hm^(2)),the results showed that the UBF and UBC treatments could promote the growth of winter wheat at the middle and late stages,increased the leaf area index at the flowering stage and the dry matter accumulation at the mature stage.At the flowering stage,the leaf area index of winter wheat under UBF and UBC treatments increased by 2.54%-5.00%compared with CK;at maturity stage,the dry matter accumulation of winter wheat under UBC treatment increased by 8.41%-17.94%compared with the other three treatments.Compared with CK,the number of spike and the stem tiller rate of winter wheat under the optimized fertilization treatments of U,UBF,UBC increased by 1.79%-10.07%,13.70%-31.37%,respectively;the law of yield and grain number per spike were both U<CK<UBF<UBC,the yield and grain number per spike of winter wheat under UBF and UBC treatments increased by 13.94%-21.22%and 4.45%-8.21%compared with CK.The nitrogen accumulation above ground of winter wheat under UBF and UBC treatments increased by 6.39%-6.88%compared with CK.Compared with the conventional urea treatment CK,the nitrogen uptake efficiency under optimized fertilization treatments of U,UBF,UBC increased by 13.43%-36.79%,the nitrogen utilization efficiency increased by 6.59%-14.10%,and the nitrogen partial productivity increased by 21.52%-55.86%.In summary,urea combined with bac
作者
董云杰
呼延艺洁
王金平
韩娟
DONG Yunjie;HUYAN Yijie;WANG Jinping;HAN Juan(College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China)
出处
《西北农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期270-278,共9页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
陕西省重点研发计划重点项目(2018ZDXM-NY-002)
西北农林科技大学试验示范站(基地)科技创新与成果转化项目(TGZX2020-16)。
关键词
冬小麦
优化施肥
产量
氮肥利用
关中灌区
Winter wheat
Optimized fertilization
Yield
Nitrogen utilization
Guanzhong irrigation area
