摘要
肿瘤营养不良会增加患者术后并发症、降低生活质量、增加死亡率,根据肿瘤产生部位不同其发生率在40%~80%,改善肿瘤患者营养不良至关重要。肿瘤营养不良与肿瘤自身高代谢、肿瘤相关厌食症以及肿瘤治疗产生的不良反应密切相关。目前肿瘤专用肠内营养制剂并没有完全消除患者的营养不良风险。人体肠道菌群可通过多种机制维持人体健康,健康的肠道微生物多样性高、结构复杂稳定、具有抵抗外部环境压力的能力,在有限的外部干扰时仍能保持菌群结构稳定;而非健康人体则表现为菌群多样性降低,丧失对外部环境压力的抵抗力,发生肠道微生态紊乱等不良状况,如肿瘤患者在疾病进程中往往会伴随肠道菌群总数下降、多样性降低、有益菌比例减少等现象发生,严重影响了机体免疫能力和患者的食欲。益生菌作为一种重要的微生态制剂对人的健康产生有益影响,可预测其调节肿瘤患者肠道菌群结构及组成,细胞因子、胃肠肽等介质分泌改善食物摄入和小肠营养吸收对肿瘤患者发生的营养不良将会产生积极影响。本文就营养不良肿瘤患者的肠道菌群特征及益生菌的潜在作用进行系统论述,并提出应用前景。
Malnutrition among cancer patients usually induces adverse consequences such as increased postoperative complications,decreased quality of life and increased mortality.According to the location of tumor,its incidence ranges from 40%to 80%,so it is very important to reduce malnutrition among cancer patients.Cancer⁃related malnutrition is closely related to the high energy consumption of the tumor itself,cancer⁃related anorexia and the side effects of cancer treatment.At present,tumor specific enteral nutrition agents do not eliminate the risk of malnutrition.Healthy intestinal microbes have high diversity,complex and stable structure,and are capable of resisting external environmental pressure.In contrast,non⁃healthy people show decreased bacterial diversity,loss of resistance to external environmental pressure,intestinal microecological disorders and other adverse conditions,such as cancer patients are often accompanied by the decline of intestinal microbiota,diversity and the proportion of beneficial bacteria in the process of disease,which seriously affects the immune ability and appetite of the body.As an important microecological agent,probiotics have the functions of regulating immune system function,energy metabolism and preventing colorectal cancer,which have a beneficial impact on human health.It can be predicted that probiotics may have a positive impact on the nutrition of cancer patients by regulating the structure and composition of intestinal microbiota,the secretion of cytokines,gastrointestinal peptides and other media,improving food intake and intestinal nutrition absorption.This paper systematically discusses the characteristics of intestinal microbiota and the potential role of probiotics in malnourished cancer patients,and puts forward the application prospect.
作者
王瑞琦
张兰威
于壮
Wang Ruiqi;Zhang Lanwei;Yu Zhuang(Colloge of Food Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266000,Shandong China;Department of Oncology,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,Qingdao 266000,Shandong,China)
出处
《肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志》
2022年第1期18-23,共6页
Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer
基金
吴阶平医学基金会临床科研专项资助基金(320.6750.2021-02-92)山东省重点研发计划项目(LJNY202101)。
关键词
肿瘤
营养不良
肠道菌群
益生菌
Tumor
Malnutrition
Intestinal microbiota
Probiotics
