摘要
含蜡原油中蜡分子的结晶析出会使原油的低温流变性显著恶化,降低原油管输的安全性和经济性。添加少量的聚合物型降凝剂能够改变蜡分子的结晶习性,改善原油的宏观流动性。加降凝剂原油的凝点越低、低温黏度越小,意味着输送的能耗越低、安全性越高,因此人们对原油降凝剂的降凝降黏效果追求是无止境的。利用不同的微纳米颗粒,研制高效的聚合物/微纳米复合原油降凝剂已成为近年来石油化工领域的研究热点,但复合降凝剂的开发仍存在盲目性。基于降凝剂的发展历程、作用机理及影响因素,对以不同微纳米基材制得的聚合物/微纳米复合降凝剂的结构、效果与机理进行了综述。分析表明,微纳米颗粒的引入使传统聚合物降凝的作用效果得到了显著提升,聚合物/微纳米复合原油降凝剂拥有巨大的发展潜力。
Crystallization of wax molecules in waxy crude oils can seriously deteriorate the rheology of crude oils,impact pipeline transportation safety and increase economic cost.Addition of a small amount of polymer pour point depressants(PPDs)can improve crystallization behavior of wax molecules and macroscopic fluidity of crude oils.For crude oils with low pour point and low temperature viscosity,both energy consumption and transportation safety can be significantly improved.Therefore,tremendous efforts have been made to improve the performance of PPDs.Using different micro-nano particles to develop high-efficiency polymer/micro-nano composite PPDs has become a popular research topic in recent years.However,research direction of composite PPDs is still under debate.Based on the review of research progress,PPDs mechanism and other impact factors,for polymer/micro/nano composite PPDs prepared from different micro/nano substrates,their structures,performance and mechanisms were summarized in this paper.Literature review suggests that addition of micro-nano particles can significantly improve the performance of traditional PPDs,and thus polymer/micro-nano composite PPDs have great potential for further development.
作者
夏雪
杨飞
李传宪
窦泽康
代抒彤
孙广宇
姚博
XIA Xue;YANG Fei;LI Chuanxian;DOU Zekang;DAI Shutong;SUN Guangyu;YAO Bo(College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China)
出处
《石油学报（石油加工）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期436-448,共13页
Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51904327)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2019TQ0354,2019M662468)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金-山东省油气储运安全重点实验室开发基金项目(20CX02004A)资助。
关键词
降凝剂
含蜡原油
聚合物
微纳米颗粒
复合材料
pour point depressant
waxy crude oil
polymer
micro-nano particle
composite material
