摘要
在社区研究和实践领域,滕尼斯式的共同体概念影响至深。与中国对"社区和居委会辖区"高度重合的绑定式理解不同,西方国家的社区概念繁杂且语义模糊。百年来,西方学界围绕"两圈一网"(人群、地域及网络)要素,先后产生了"社区孤存论、社区消失论、社区继存论、社区适应论、社区解放论"五种主张,形成了"所面即所存、所感即所存、所连即所存"的多样化社区认知。受工业化、城市化、信息化和重大危机的影响,百年来西方的社区认知历经了"融入社会、接纳国家、面向网络"的三阶转型,冲破了"滕式共同体"的狭隘界定和地理局限。现实来看,西方国家的个体可以同属多个社区身份,其社区的最大公约数就是"独立于国家、市场的社群",社区概念的变化显示出人们寻求"变动社会中的社会团结"的努力。中国应当在强调社区的基础意义之外,丰富对社会共同体形式的理解,重视塑造与生产关系相适应的社区认知和实践,建构多种社会联结方式、纵横相辅的关联社区和关联社会。
In the field of community research, the Tennessian concept of community has a profound influence. Unlike the concept of Chinese community which is almost overlapped with the resident committee’s jurisdiction, the concept of community in western countries is interpreted with more complex and ambiguous meanings. Over the last 100 years, the western academics have proposed five major theories about the “population, region and network, ” which are Community Alone Existence Theory, Community Disappearance Theory, Community Survival Theory, Community Adaptation Theory, and Community Liberation Theory. They also formed a consensus of community cognition centering around the questions that people “who you face is the community, who you feel is the community, and who you connect the community.” Influenced by the development of industrialization, urbanization, informatization, and major crises, the community cognition over the past century has experienced a three-stage transition, “integrating into society, including the country and orienting to the Internet.” The cognition makes breakthrough from the Tennessian concept and the geographic boundary of community. In fact, an individual in western countries can belong to multiple communities simultaneously. Besides emphasizing the basic meaning of the community, China could also increase the understanding of the forms of social connections, and attach importance to community cognition and practice that are compatible with productive relations.
作者
吴晓林
覃雯
Wu Xiaolin;Qin Wen(Joint Reasearch Center for Chinese Government Development,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期134-147,共14页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“大数据驱动的特大城市治理中的风险防控研究”(项目批准号:21ZDA069)
国家社科基金重点项目“基于‘供需平衡’的复合式城乡基层治理体系研究”(项目批准号:20AZD087)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国城市封闭社区的空间生产、社会效应与治理机制研究”(项目批准号:71774175)
中共宜宾市委组织部“2021年度科学研究与咨政服务项目‘城乡结合部新型社区治理的实践与思考’”的阶段性成果。
关键词
社区概念
共同体
国外社区理论
社区治理
concept of community
community
western community theory
community governance
