摘要
目的了解碳青霉烯类耐药基因(bla_(NDM))和多粘菌素耐药基因(mcr)在中国不同地区不同类型标本中的分布特征,为抗生素耐药的监督与控制提供理论依据。方法2015—2020年在中国不同地区的城村养殖场及人烟稀少的高原牧区共采集人、家畜家禽、禽类屠宰环境和野生动物标本4324份,对标本进bla_(NDM)和mcr基因的检测和序列分析。结果耐药基因bla_(NDM)和mcr-1~mcr-5的检出率为5.16%,检出了bla_(NDM-1)(0.58%)、bla_(NDM-24)(0.07%)、mcr-1.1(4.53%)、mcr-1.29(0.02%)、mcr-3.18(0.05%)、mcr-3.3(0.05%)、mcr-4.3(0.12%)共7种耐药基因亚型,其中以mcr-1.1亚型占比最多(87.89%);检测到携带共存基因bla_(NDM-1)+mcr-1.1、bla_(NDM-24)+mcr-1.1以及mcr-1.1+mcr-3.3;bla_(NDM)和mcr基因在禽类屠宰环境中分布最高(3.14%,16.00%),在野生动物中分布最少(0.00%,0.13%,P值均<0.001,调整后标准化残差的绝对值>3);bla_(NDM)多分布于擦拭标本(Fisher's exact P<0.001),mcr多分布于饲养动物下消化道、环境水体、擦拭标本(χ^(2)=230.564,P<0.001);bla_(NDM)和mcr基因在城村养殖场标本中检出率为12.46%(203/1629)高于高原牧区的0.74%(20/2695)(χ^(2)=285.096,P<0.01)。结论中国不同类型标本中耐药基因bla_(NDM)和mcr基因普遍存在,人烟稀少地区中的检出率低于城村养殖场。
Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase(bla_(NDM))and mobile colistin resistance(mcr-1~mcr-5)genes in different types of samples in different regions of China,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the supervision and control of antibiotic resistance.Methods From 2015 to 2020,a total of 4324 samples from human,livestock and poultry,poultry slaughter environment and wild animals were collected from urban and village farms and sparsely populated plateau pastoral areas in different regions of China,and nucleic acid extraction and ordinary PCR amplification were carried out to detect bla_(NDM) and mcr genes.Results The detection rate of drug resistance genes of bla_(NDM) and mcr-1~mcr-5was 5.16%,seven drug resistance gene subtypes including bla_(NDM-1)(0.58%),bla_(NDM-24)(0.07%),mcr-1.1(4.53%),mcr-1.29(0.02%),mcr-3.18(0.05%),mcr-3.3(0.05%),and mcr-4.3(0.12%)were detected,and the most samples of mcr-1.1 were detected,accounting for 87.89%of all positive samples;the samples carrying bla_(NDM-1) and mcr-1.1coexisting genes,bla_(NDM-24) and mcr-1.1 coexisting genes and mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.3 coexisting genes were detected;bla_(NDM) and mcr genes were most distributed in poultry slaughtering environment(3.14%,16.00%),and least in wild animals(0.00%,0.13%,both P<0.001,the absolute value of the adjusted standardized residual>3);bla_(NDM) was mostly distributed in wipe specimens(Fisher's exact P<0.001),and mcr was mostly distributed in the lower digestive tract of animals,environmental waters,and wipe specimens(χ^(2)=230.564,P<0.001);the detection rate of genotype of bla_(NDM) and mcr genes in urban and village farms was 12.46%(203/1629),which was is higher than that in plateau pastoral areas(0.74%,20/2695)(χ^(2)=285.096,P<0.01).Conclusion bla_(NDM) and mcr genes are common in different types of specimens in China,and the detection rate in sparsely populated area is lower than that in urban and village farms.
作者
郑效瑾
吕东月
俞全喜
秦帅
段然
景怀琦
王鑫
ZHENG Xiao-jing;LV Dong-yue;YU Quan-xi;QIN Shuai;DUAN Ran;JING Huai-qi;WANG Xin(Akesai Kazakh Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiuquan735000,Gansu,China)
出处
《中国校医》
2022年第1期21-25,共5页
Chinese Journal of School Doctor
基金
细菌性自然疫源性传染病症候群病原谱构成及流行规律研究(2018ZX10713-001-002)
全国重点省区细菌性传染病病原谱流行规律及变异集成研究(2018Z X10713-003-002)。
