摘要
【目的】研究有机肥与氮磷钾配施对油茶生长及经济性状的影响,为油茶的高产稳产提供科学施肥依据。【方法】以油茶湘林210^(#)为研究对象,采用L_(27)(9^(1)+3^(8))多因素混水平正交试验,研究施肥时间、施肥方法、有机肥和氮磷钾对油茶生长及果实相关指标的影响。【结果】施肥时间对油茶株高和地径增长、第2年结果个数和单果重影响显著(P<0.05),对油茶南北冠幅增长、茶果单果重(第1年)、平均茶籽重和茶籽含水率影响极显著(P<0.01);施肥方法对南北冠幅、地径增长以及种仁含油率影响显著(P<0.05);氮磷钾对油茶南北冠幅的增长影响显著(P<0.05);有机肥对地径增长影响显著(P<0.05)。处理15株高增长较明显,处理25地径增长较多,处理6、处理18和处理22东西冠幅增长较大,处理16和处理15对油茶南北冠幅增长较明显;处理17对油茶两年产量和结果数量较高,处理20和处理26对施肥第2年茶果鲜出籽率较高,处理14、处理20和处理24出仁率较高,处理26、处理10和处理5仁含油率较高。【结论】综上并考虑施肥用工量及肥料增加量对施肥成本影响,最佳施肥技术为在6月,穴施有机肥750 g+尿素100 g+过磷酸钙50 g+氯化钾200 g;或者在10月份穴施有机肥750 g+尿素50 g+过磷酸钙50 g+氯化钾100 g。
【Objective】To explore the effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and NPK on the growth and economic characteristics of Camellia oleifera,and to provide scientific fertilization basis for the high yield and stable yield of Camellia oleifera.【Method】Taking the Camellia oleifera Xianglin 210^(#)as the research object,the L_(27)(9^(1)+3^(8))multi-factor mixed level orthogonal test was used to study the effects of fertilization time,fertilization methods,organic fertilizers,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the growth and fruit-related indicators of Camellia oleifera.【Result】Fertilization time has a significant impact on the growth of plant height and ground diameter of Camellia oleifera,the number of results and the weight of single fruit in the second year(P<0.05).The influence of tea seed moisture content is extremely significant(P<0.01).Fertilization methods have significant effects on the north-south canopy width,ground diameter growth,and seed oil content(P<0.05);N,P,and K have a significant impact on the growth of the north-south canopy width of Camellia oleifera(P<0.05);organic fertilizer has a significant impact on the growth of ground diameter(P<0.05).Treatment 15 increased the plant height more obviously,treatment 25 increased more ground diameter,treatment 6,treatment 18 and treatment 22 increased the crown width of the east and west,treatment 16 and treatment 15 had more obvious increase in the north and south crown width of Camellia oleifera;The yield and fruit quantity of two years of treatment 17 were higher,the fresh seed rate of treatments 20 and 26 was higher in the second year of fertilization,the seed rate of treatments 14,20 and 24 was higher,and the kernel oil content of treatments 26,10 and 5 was higher.【Conclusion】To sum up and consider the impact of the amount of fertilization and the increase in fertilizer on the cost of fertilization,the best fertilization technique is in June,applying organic fertilizer 750 g+urea 100 g+superphosphate 50 g+pota
作者
姜佳艳
杨慧琴
欧阳文英
安茂杉
杨小菊
龙雪燕
胡玉玲
JIANG Jiayan;YANG Huiqin;OUYNAG Wenying;AN Maoshan;YANG Xiaoju;LONG Xueyan;HU Yuling(School of Geographical Sciences,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009,Sichuan,China;School of Agriculture and Forestry Engineering and Planning,Tongren College/Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in Fanjingshan Region,Guizhou Province,Tongren 554300,Guizhou,China;College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)
出处
《四川农业大学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期73-82,99,共11页
Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University
基金
贵州省科技支撑计划项目“铜仁地区油茶高效栽培技术与生态评价研究”(黔科合支撑[2019]2312)
贵州省林业厅林业科研课题“基于春梢养分分配与产量关系研究”(黔林科合[2020]06)
贵州省科技厅平台项目“贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室”(黔科合平台人才[2020]2003)。
关键词
油茶
有机肥
氮磷钾
施肥时间
施肥方法
树体生长
经济性状
Camellia oleifera Abel
organic fertilizer
NPK fertilizer
fertilization time
fertilization method
tree growth
economic characters
