摘要
生境评价对物种保护具有重要意义。鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa)是新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区的代表性物种,开展其生境适宜性评价可以为该物种的保护和管理提供科学依据。作者基于2005-2019年采用样线法在保护区开展野外调查所获鹅喉羚的分布点数据,利用最大熵(Max Ent)模型筛选环境变量,评估鹅喉羚在矿业开发前(2005年)、矿业开发顶峰时(2011年)和矿区生态修复后(2019年)3个时期的生境质量;采用质心转移和景观格局指数分析近15年鹅喉羚的生境空间格局变化特征。结果表明模型预测结果准确性较高,3个时期鹅喉羚的潜在适宜生境面积波动较大,Jackknife检验结果表明在任一时期水源点对鹅喉羚生境选择的影响均最大。矿业开发前鹅喉羚适宜生境分布于保护区中部,主要特征为面积大、生境斑块集中、破碎化程度低;矿业开发顶峰时鹅喉羚的适宜生境面积较矿业开发前减少2.39%,尤其是保护区南部大面积适宜生境丧失,质心转移和景观格局指数分析结果显示适宜生境向保护区北部转移,生境斑块离散破碎程度高;实施矿区生态修复后鹅喉羚的适宜生境面积较矿业开发顶峰时增加了3.50%,因矿业开发丧失的生境重新成为鹅喉羚的适宜生境。与2005年以前相比,2019年鹅喉羚生境斑块仍离散化严重,部分适宜生境因新修建的高速公路和铁路而重新丧失。基于以上研究结果,我们从保护水源、控制交通建设、修复矿区和加强野生动物通道监测等4个方面对鹅喉羚种群保护管理提出了建议。
Aims:Habitat assessment is vital in the conservation of wildlife.The goitered gazelle(Gazella subgutturosa)is an important species in the Xinjiang Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve(thereafter KNR).However,their habitat is under threat because of human development and mining.The evaluation of remaining suitable habitat for the goitered gazelle can provide a scientific basis for decision-making in species conservation and management of the reserve.Methods:Based on the distribution of goitered gazelle demonstrated through field surveys from 2005 to 2019 in the KNR,we used a maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model to test important habitat variables for habitat selection.Suitable habitat for goitered gazelle was evaluated during three distinct time-periods:(1)before mining development(2005),(2)at the peak of mining development(2011),and(3)after ecological restoration but with a highway constructed through the reserve(2019).The spatial habitat quality and distribution of goitered gazelle over the last 15 years was further analyzed using centroid transfer and a landscape pattern index.Results:The accuracy of MaxE nt model was high and jackknife tests demonstrated the distribution and distance to water sources had the highest impact on goitered gazelle habitat selection in all three time periods.The area of potential suitable habitat fluctuated widely over the three time-periods.Prior to the mining development in 2005,suitable habitat for goitered gazelle was mainly concentrated in the middle of the reserve with large habitat patches and a low degree of habitat fragmentation.At the peak of mine development(2011),the area of highly suitable habitat had decreased by 2.39%compared to habitat in 2005.A large area of suitable habitat in the south of the reserve was lost due to mining development,and the centroid indicated that the remaining suitable habitat was restricted to the north,with smaller,fragmented habitat patches.By 2019,3.50%of the previously suitable goitered gazelle habitat that was lost due to mining development
作者
张晨
马伟
陈晨
汪沐阳
徐文轩
杨维康
Chen Zhang;Wei Ma;Chen Chen;Muyang Wang;Wenxuan Xu;Weikang Yang(State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011;The Specimen Museum of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011;Mori Wildlife Monitoring and Experimentation Station,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mori,Xinjiang 831900;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Management Center of Xinjiang Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve,Changji,Xinjiang 831100)
出处
《生物多样性》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期59-71,共13页
Biodiversity Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(U2003203,31872254)。
关键词
鹅喉羚
矿业开发
道路建设
MaxEnt模型
生境适宜性
Gazella subgutturosa
mining development
road construction
MaxEnt model
habitat suitability
