摘要
随着中国蛋鸡养殖规模化的快速发展,蛋鸡场排出的臭气已成为影响周边环境质量的重要因素,但有限的关于蛋鸡舍臭气特性的研究严重制约着臭气污染程度的量化和除臭措施的制定,因此该研究通过对2种不同类型蛋鸡舍(商品蛋鸡舍和种用蛋鸡舍)的臭气进行综合分析,以探究不同管理措施(无管理操作、喂料、喷雾消毒、清粪)对臭气组成及其对臭气贡献率的影响。结果表明,2种类型蛋鸡舍的臭气组成和浓度相似,蛋鸡舍内臭气成分的浓度从高到低为NH_(3)、挥发性脂肪酸(Volatile Fatty Acids,VFA)、挥发性含硫化合物(Volatile Sulfur Compounds,VSC)、酚类、吲哚类和胺类,对臭味贡献率从大到小为吲哚类、酚类、VSC、VFA、胺类和NH_(3)。无管理操作和喂料过程中臭气组成和浓度相似,饲料的味道对蛋鸡舍臭气浓度影响较小。喷雾消毒和清粪过程中NH_(3)、吲哚类和臭气浓度均显著增加(P<0.05)。此外,粪污在清粪带滞留期间,NH_(3)浓度增加了6倍,胺类、VSC、吲哚类、酚类和VFA的浓度相对稳定。除NH_(3)以外的其他成分主要来自肠道微生物的降解,对臭气贡献率高达99.99%,是臭味的主要来源。
Odor compounds in waste gas emissions have been ever-increasing public complaints to the large-scale intensive farms,particularly with the rapid expansion of the poultry industry in recent years in China.All kinds of waste gases during laying hens breeding have posed a threat to the body health and living environment.It is a high demand to quantify the odor components and their contributions for the higher efficient deodorization of laying hen farms.This study aims to clarify the effects of management measures and manure accumulation on the component and concentration of odors in layer houses.Two typical commercial and breeder layer houses were sampled in summer(2019.07.10-2019.09.24).Four management measures were also set,including no management,feeding,spraying,and manure cleaning,where the frequency of manure cleaning was 2d/time.The results showed that there were similar odor components and concentrations in the two-layer houses,due to the similar feed nutrition.Specifically,the concentrations of odorant compounds in the layer houses were ranked in a descending order of the NH_(3)(2.26 mg/m^(3)),volatile fatty acids(0.93 mg/m^(3)),volatile sulfur compounds(0.40 mg/m^(3)),phenols(0.36 mg/m^(3)),indoles(0.32 mg/m^(3)),and amines(0.12 mg/m^(3)).The odor contributions were ranked in the descending order of the indoles(72.91%),phenols(10.07%),volatile sulfur compounds(7.85%),volatile fatty acids(4.93%),amines(4.23%),and NH_(3)(0.01%).Hence,the indole or total volatile organic compound was regarded as the deodorant target in layer houses.In addition,there was no significant difference between the odor concentrations under no management and feeding(P>0.05),indicating that the manure was the main source of odor rather than the smell of feed.The odor concentration under the spraying sanitization was the highest,followed by the manure cleaning.Correspondingly,the NH_(3)and indole concentrations were attributed to the high concentrations of odor components after the spraying sanitization and manure cleaning.Furthermore,
作者
刘羽
张国强
荣莉
王朝元
滕光辉
Liu Yu;Zhang Guoqiang;Rong Li;Wang Chaoyuan;Teng Guanghui(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100083,China;Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering,Aarhus University,Aarhus 8000,Denmark;Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第23期194-199,共6页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0701602)
国家留学基金(201906350184)。
关键词
氨气
臭气
臭气控制
蛋鸡舍
臭气成分
臭气浓度
异味活度值
ammonia
odor
odor management
layer house
odor component
odor concentration
odor activity value
