摘要
进入"十一五"以来,以沈阳农业大学水稻研究所为首的北方粳稻育种团队,以提高北方粳稻品质为主攻目标,以改良穗部性状为突破口,以调控籼型血缘为主要途径,在相关性状遗传与生理基础、种质资源创新与新品种培育研究方面取得了显著进展.(1)明确了直立穗型由一对显性基因EP1控制,表现穗节间缩短、枝梗数和穗粒数增多、着粒密度增大,在改善产量性状的同时影响外观和加工品质.研究发现,东北粳稻引进籼稻遗传背景,有利于提高产量潜力,但是对品质特别是食味品质带来负面效应.(2)首创水稻理想穗型概念,提出或改进颈穗弯曲度、穗型指数、维管束效率、一次枝梗效率、籼型频率等行之有效的选择指标.在此基础上建立了北方优质高产粳稻理想穗型量化选择指标体系:颈穗弯曲度<40°、穗型指数>0.50、维管束效率≥0.75、一次枝梗效率≈1.0、一次枝梗数≥15、糙米率≥83%、整精米率≥68%、垩白粒率≤10%、食味值≥80;控制籼型频率在10%左右,有利于实现产量与品质特别是食味品质的协调统一.(3)系统总结归纳上述研究成果,创立了以优化穗部性状和籼型血缘为特色的北方粳稻品质改良理论与技术体系:选择优良籼粳交后代,以优质高产粳型种质资源进行回交或复交,通过定向选择优化籼型血缘提高食味品质,增加穗颈维管束数和一次枝梗数,选择二次枝梗上位优势型降低强弱势粒充实度差异,实现在保持产量水平基础上加工、外观和食味品质同步改良.促进21世纪以来东北粳稻单产增加16.60%,面积增加96.88%,总产占全国的比例由9.51%提高到17.91%,实现了面积、单产和品质同步显著提升.此外,本文还讨论了相关领域存在的问题与发展方向.
Since the Eleventh Five Year Plan began, the northern japonica rice breeding team, headed by the Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, has undertaken an effort to improve the quality of northern japonica rice, with particular attention to panicle traits and regulating the indica pedigree. Remarkable progress has been made in the elucidation of the genetic and physiological basis of important agronomic traits, germplasm resource innovation, and the breeding of new varieties.(1) We found that erect panicle architecture is controlled by a dominant allele of EP1, which produces the shortened internode of the panicle, increases both the number of grains per panicle and the seed density, and eventually affects overall appearance and milling quality while improving the yield characters. We also found that the introgression of indica pedigree improved the yield potential of japonica rice, though there was a detectable quality penalty, especially in eating and cooking quality.(2) We proposed a model of ideal panicle architecture and identified effective selection indicators including panicle curvature, panicle type index, vascular bundle efficiency, primary branch efficiency, and indica pedigree introgression percentage. On this basis, we established the quantitative parameters for ideal panicle type of japonica rice in northern China(neck panicle curvature < 40°, panicle type index > 0.50, vascular bundle efficiency ≥ 0.75, primary branch efficiency ≈ 1.0, number of primary branches ≥ 15, brown rice rate ≥ 83%, head rice rate ≥ 68%, chalky rice rate ≤ 10%, taste value ≥ 80, the indica pedigree introgression at about 10%) to coordinate the balance between yield and quality, especially eating quality.(3) We have systematically summarized the results of our research, and we developed a strong theory for the improvement of the quality and technical systems of northern japonica rice by optimizing panicle traits and indica pedigree introgression. We first selected elite offspring derived f
作者
徐海
孙健
徐铨
潘国君
周广春
张忠旭
孙玥
徐正进
陈温福
Hai Xu;Jian Sun;Quan Xu;Guojun Pan;Guangchun Zhou;Zhongxu Zhang;Yue Sun;Zhengjin Xu;Wenfu Chen(Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Heilongjiang Rice Research Institute,Jiamusi 154026,China;Jilin Rice Research Institute,Changchun 130499,China;Liaoning Rice Research Institute,Shenyang 110101,China;Tianjin Crop Research Institute,Tianjin 300380,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期135-142,共8页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(U1708231,31430062)
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0100500)资助。
关键词
水稻
北方粳稻
穗部性状
籼型血缘
品质
rice
northern japonica rice
panicle characteristics
indica pedigree
quality
