摘要
【目的】研究药用植物种植与生产地重金属污染状况,为药用植物质量控制和GAP基地的建设提供依据。【方法】以陕西南部汉中地区典型的药用植物种植基地与生产地16个样点土壤以及4个样点水样为研究对象,分析土壤及水样的基本理化性质和重金属元素(V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Cd、Pb)含量,采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价土壤重金属元素的污染状况,通过相关性分析、冗余分析和主成分分析探明土壤理化性质与重金属元素的关系以及重金属元素的来源。【结果】不同样点的土壤pH、有机质、总磷和总氮含量有明显差异。研究区所有土壤样点中,除Se元素之外,其余11种金属元素(V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb)含量均未超过当地土壤背景值,研究区样点土壤Se含量最高为1.83 mg/kg,但也未超过土壤富Se含量最高限值(3.0 mg/kg),因而不存在超标现象。4个样点水体pH为6.78~7.52;水体Ni元素含量均超标,可知样点水体中Ni是主要污染元素。地累积指数法结果表明,研究区除了1个样点(城固天然谷药业)土壤中的Cd呈无污染-中污染程度外,其余样点均无重金属污染。潜在生态危害指数法结果显示,整个研究区土壤重金属潜在风险为轻度风险,风险主要来源于土壤中Cd。主成分分析结果表明,研究区土壤中V、As、Cd和Pb的来源与大气沉降和废水排放相关,Mn、Fe、Co、Zn、Ni和Cu主要源于成土母质以及自然积累,Se来源与当地农业活动作用相关。【结论】汉中地区药用植物种植与生产地环境中重金属元素总体呈无污染或轻微低污染状态,适合药用种植与生产,但在今后的种植和生产中应控制土壤Cd元素的污染,降低土壤重金属污染生态风险。
【Objective】This study investigated heavy metal pollution in the cultivation and production areas of medicinal plants to provide basis for quality control of medicinal plants and construction of GAP bases.【Method】A total of 16 soil samples and 4 water samples were collected from typical medicinal plant planting bases and production areas in Hanzhong,southern Shaanxi.Basic physical and chemical properties of soil and water samples and contents of heavy metal elements(V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Cd and Pb)were analyzed.The pollution status of soil heavy metals was evaluated using geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index.The relationships between soil physical and chemical properties and contents and sources of heavy metal elements were determined through correlation analysis,redundancy analysis and principal component method.【Result】There were obvious differences in soil pH,organic matter,total phosphorus and total nitrogen content at different points.In soil samples,all metal elements(V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd and Pb)had contents less than local soil background values except Se,whose highest value of 1.83 mg/kg was less than the limit of soil selenium content(3.0 mg/kg).Water pH of the 4 samples was 6.78-7.52 and Ni was the main pollutant with contents exceeding standards.The geo-accumulation index showed that only one sample site(Chenggu Natural Valley Pharmaceutical)had Cd content in level of no pollution to moderate pollution.The potential ecological hazard index showed that the potential risk of heavy metals was mild,mainly from Cd.Principal component analysis showed that V,As,Cd and Pb in soil samples were mainly from atmospheric deposition and wastewater discharged from industrial activities.Mn,Fe,Co,Zn,Ni and Cu were mainly from soil and natural accumulation.The source of Se was mainly local agricultural activities.【Conclusion】The heavy metals in planting and production areas of medicinal plants in Hanzhong were at levels of non-polluting or low-polluting,and this area w
作者
吴娟娟
朱斌
史娟
岳思羽
刘智峰
宋凤敏
WU Juanjuan;ZHU Bin;SHI Juan;YUE Siyu;LIU Zhifeng;SONG Fengmin(School of Chemistry and Environmental Science,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723001,China;Collaborative Innovation Centre,Hanzhong,Shaanxi 723001,China)
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期103-114,共12页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(22073059)
陕西省教育厅科研专项(20JY008,20JS017)
陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心项目(QBXT-Z(P)-18-2)。
关键词
药用植物
土壤重金属污染
污染风险评价
medicinal plants
soil heavy metal pollution
pollution risk assessment
