摘要
高氮奥氏体不锈钢(high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel,HNASS)是一种目前正在蓬勃发展的新型不锈钢,被广泛运用到交通运输、海洋工程、建筑材料、医疗器材和军事工业等领域。节镍高氮的奥氏体不锈钢相比于传统奥氏体不锈钢,其具有优良的综合力学性能,如高强度、高韧性、大的蠕变抗力、良好的耐腐蚀性能。氮在HNASS中具有很好的固溶、细晶、形变和沉淀强化效应,体现了氮在钢中多方位作用,对于奥氏体不锈钢强度的提升具有显著的效果。在多种强化效应中,氮的固溶强化产生了和细晶强化类似的效果,即在使用氮元素提高材料强度时,不降低其材料塑性。同时,在动态力学性能方面,HNASS的压缩应变速率在不断增加的情况下,抗压强度则先增大后减小,而应变硬化指数则会相应增加,使HNASS也具有优异的吸能效果和冲击硬化性能,尤其是动态冲击硬化性能,其通过塑性区域增加来消耗更多的塑性变形能,使HNASS在抗弹装甲防护领域具有广阔应用前景。为了系统全面地分析HNASS的氮元素强化机理、动态防护性能研究现状,从HNASS中氮元素的作用及其动态力学性能和侵彻板靶作用影响规律几个方面,结合国内外研究现状系统综述了氮强韧化机理和抗弹性能性能影响,并提出了HNASS在高效固氮工艺、氮含量梯度影响、多组元复合材料体系等3个方面的研究展望。
High-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel(HNASS)is a novel material which is developing rapidly and used in transportation,marine engineering,building materials,medical equipment,military industry and other fields.Compared with traditional austenitic stainless steels,HNASS has excellent mechanical properties,such as good strength,toughness,high creep resistance and corrosion resistance.Nitrogen in HNASS has good effect on refining grain size,deformation,solution and precipitation strengthening,which reflects the multidirectional effects of nitrogen in steel,and has a significant effect on the strength improvement of austenitic stainless steel.Among the various strengthening effects,the solution strengthening of nitrogen produces a similar effect with the grain refining,that is,the plasticity of the material is not reduced when the nitrogen element is used to enhance the strength of the material.At the same time,in the aspect of dynamic mechanical properties,with the increasing of HNASS compression strain rate,the compressive strength increases first and then decrease,while the strain hardening index will increase.HNASS also has excellent impact energy absorption effect and hardening properties,especially the dynamic impact hardening properties,which obtained more plastic deformation through the plastic area.Therefore,HNASS has a broad application prospect in the field of anti-missile Armor protection.In order to systematically and comprehensively analyse the research status of nitrogen element on strengthening mechanism and dynamic protection performance of HNASS,the effect of nitrogen element in HNASS along with its dynamic mechanical properties and penetration plate target action were systematically reviewed in combination with the research status at home and abroad.The research prospects of HNASS in high efficiency nitrogen fixation process,effects of nitrogen content gradient and multi-component composite system were also proposed.
作者
王宇
彭翔飞
李俊
杨阳
李国平
刘燕林
WANG Yu;PENG Xiang-fei;LI Jun;YANG Yang;LI Guo-ping;LIU Yan-lin(School of Material Science and Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,Shanxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Stainless Steels,Taiyuan Iron and Steel Group Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030003,Shanxi,China;Ningbo Branch,China Academy of Ordnance Sciences,Ningbo 315103,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《钢铁》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期28-38,共11页
Iron and Steel
基金
山西省重点研发计划国际科技合作资助项目(201903D421080)
山西省应用基础研究青年科技研究基金资助项目(201801D221148)
国防科工局稳定支持经费专项-兵器五五所开放创新资助项目(JB11-12)
山西省高等学校科技创新资助项目(2020L0319)
安徽省重点研究与开发计划资助项目(202004a05020070)。
关键词
高氮奥氏体不锈钢(HNASS)
强化机理
组织结构
动态力学性能
抗弹性能
high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel(HNASS)
strengthening mechanism
microstructure
dynamic mechanical property
ballistic performance
