摘要
智能手机目前已具备上网、拍照、娱乐、消费等多种功能。然而,智能手机是把"双刃剑"。美国、韩国、日本、奥地利等国外一系列的调查和研究显示,国外超过90%的青少年拥有智能手机,并且手机使用低龄化现象日趋严重。手机使用不当不仅会对学生的身心造成严重的损害,影响睡眠质量,削弱阅读能力,导致学习成绩退步,增加网络欺凌和网络诈骗的机会,还会引发手机上瘾症、多动症等疾病。禁用手机一定程度可以提升学生的学业成绩。国外对校园手机的管理较为严格且十分重视青少年正确使用手机的指导,法国、蒙古、加拿大、欧洲理事会都已颁布相关政策明确禁止学生在教室或校园内使用手机;美国、意大利和德国的巴伐利亚邦也纷纷颁布手机禁令;英国和印尼虽然目前仍未出台统一的禁令,但一些学校也已经实施了"禁机令",对校内使用电子设备提出了明确的要求。此外,美国、英国、日本、奥地利、澳大利亚、加拿大、蒙古、印尼等国还实行了多项青少年手机使用的管控举措,规范青少年的用机行为,如澳大利亚和英国给手机装载相关的监控APP;加拿大多伦多切断学校网络,禁止学生通过手机上社交网站;日本和奥地利制定手机使用的相关指南,注重加强学生安全教育;日本和英国禁止学生深夜使用手机等,这些国家的做法对解决我国学校青少年手机管控所面临的问题具有重要的参考价值。
Smart phones have many functions,such as access to Internet,taking photography,providing entertainment,etc.According to a series of investigations and studies in the United States,South Korea,Japan,Austria and other countries,over 90% of teenagers abroad have their own smartphones,and the average age of teenager users is younger and younger.Improper use of smart phones will not only bring damages to students’ physical and mental health,harm sleep quality,weaken reading ability,lead to backward academic performance,increase the opportunities of online bullying and online fraud,but also lead to diseases such as mobile phone addiction and hyperactivity disorder.A ban on the use of smart phones can improve students’ academic performance to a certain extent.Foreign countries have strict management of mobile phone use on campus and attach great importance to the guidance of teenagers’ correct use of mobile phones.France,Mongolia,Canada and the Council of Europe have issued relevant policies to explicitly prohibit students from using mobile phones in classrooms or campus.The United States,Italy and Bavarian state of Germany have also issued mobile phone bans one after another.Although the United Kingdom and Indonesia have not yet issued a unified ban,some schools have also implemented the ban,which puts forward clear requirements for the use of electronic equipment in schools.In addition,the United States,the United Kingdom,Japan,Austria,Australia,Canada,Mongolia,Indonesia and other countries have also implemented several control measures to constrain teenagers’ mobile phone use behavior.For example,in Australia and the United Kingdom,students are required to load relevant monitoring apps for mobile phones;in Toronto,Canada,cut off the school network and ban students from using mobile phones to access social networking sites;in Japan and Austria,make relevant guidelines on mobile phone usage,focusing on strengthening safety education for students.Besides,Japan and Britain prohibit students from using mobile phon
作者
吴涯
杨光富
张春颖
WU Ya;YANG Guangfu;ZHANG Chunying(College of Marxism,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;The National Institute of Schooling Reform and Development,Department of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;Department of Pre-school Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)
出处
《比较教育学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期94-107,共14页
Journal of Comparative Education
基金
全国教育科学“十三五”规划2017年度国家一般项目“新高考背景下普通高中走班制的中国经验研究”(项目编号:BHA170139)。
关键词
国外青少年
手机使用
危害
管控举措
借鉴
foreign teenagers
smart phone use
harm
control measures
reference
