摘要
目的为了规避托盘单元货载在叉车装卸搬运过程中因散垛、塌垛导致的货物事故。文中基于ADAMS仿真定量分析叉车装卸搬运过程中托盘单元货载稳定性。方法瓦楞纸箱货物分别采用重叠堆码和交错堆码,在牛卡纸滑板托盘上堆码达到2200mm的极限高度,形成滑板托盘集装单元货载,不施加裹膜、捆扎等固定措施。以这2种堆码方式形成的滑板托盘集装单元货载为研究对象,建立叉车搬运作业ADAMS动力学仿真模型,并进行货载稳定性分析。结果从仿真结果中可以得到,当货物质量为14 kg时,货物偏移和振动加速度最大,此时对比叉车车身速度曲线和实验要求曲线,验证了仿真数据设置的合理性;提取货物与托盘间位置偏移曲线,得到重叠堆码时,货物沿着叉尖方向的偏移量达到了最大值123.4 mm;提取货物振动加速度曲线,对货物脆值进行评价,得到货物若脆值需在60以上才不会因振动损坏。结论在不施加裹膜、捆扎等固定措施的情况下,采用这2种堆码方式形成的滑板托盘集装单元货载在叉车装卸搬运过程中虽未出现塌垛现象,但堆码在高层的货物发生了较大位置偏移和颠簸振动而存在散垛及损伤货物的危险。建议施加外部约束如裹膜、捆扎等必要措施。
The work aims to quantitatively analyze the load stability of palletized unit in the process of loading and unloading with forklift based on ADAMS simulation,so as to avoid the accidents caused by the loose or collapse of stacking during the loading and unloading of palletized unit load with forklift.Corrugated boxes were stacked in overlapping and in an interlaced way to reach a limit height of 2200 mm on pallet with kraft card board,forming the palletized unit loads without fixing measures such as wrapping and bundling.With the palletized unit loads formed by these two stacking methods as the research object,the ADAMS dynamic simulation model of handling with forklift was established,and the load stability was analyzed.From the simulation results,when the weight of cargo was 14 kg,the cargo offset and vibration acceleration were the maximum.At this time,the speed curve of the forklift and the experimental requirements verified the rationality of the simulation data setting.The position offset curve between the cargo and the pallet was extracted.In the overlapping stacking,the offset of the cargo along the direction of the fork tip reached a maximum value of 123.4 mm.The vibration acceleration curve of the cargo was extracted to evaluate the brittleness value of the cargo,and the brittleness value of the cargo should be above 60 to avoid damage due to vibration.No stacking collapse accident occurs in the target palletized unit loads formed by the two proposed stacking methods during the loading and unloading process with forklift,even though none of fixing measures such as wrapping and bundling are applied.However,cargoes at the upper layers of the unit loads have large position offset and vibration,which may cause the risk of loose stacking and damage to the cargoes.It is recommended to apply necessary measures such as wrapping and bundling.
作者
唐英
凌鉴
尹书贤
李阳
丁文东
TANG Ying;LING Jian;YIN Shu-xian;LI Yang;DING Wen-dong(School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《包装工程》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第3期144-154,共11页
Packaging Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFF0208700)。
