摘要
2021年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予美国生理学家戴维·朱利叶斯(David Julius)和分子生物学家阿德姆·帕塔普蒂安(Ardem Patapoutian),以表彰他们在发现温度感受器和触觉感受器中所做出的突出贡献.机体对热、冷和机械压力等外界刺激的感知能力对于人们适应不断变化的环境至关重要,可以避免其遭受伤害.在David Julius和Ardem Patapoutian的发现之前,神经系统如何感知热、冷和机械压力并如何将这些刺激转化为神经冲动尚不清楚.温度感受器TRPV1和触觉感受器PIEZOs的发现则揭开了这些感受器神秘的面纱,促进更多的TRP受体家族以及PIEZO受体家族成员的发现及其功能的相关研究,并从一个全新的角度为多种疼痛相关疾病的治疗提供新靶点.本文总结了这两类感受器的发现过程、结构和作用机制,并介绍了温度与触觉感受器异常所导致的疾病以及它们作为药物研发靶点的最新进展.
The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded to American physiologist David Julius and molecular biologist Ardem Patapoutian for their groundbreaking discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.The ability to perceive external stimuli,such as hot and cold sensation and mechanical pressure,is crucial to our adaptation to the ever-changing environment,protecting us from harm.Prior to the discoveries of this year’s laureates,how temperature and mechanical stimuli are perceived and converted into electrical pulses was unknown.Unveiling of the temperature receptor TRPV1 and the touch receptors PIEZOs led to a thorough understanding of this process,also revealing more members of the TRP receptor family and PIEZO receptor family,furthermore encouraging scientists to research on its mechanisms and functions,pointing towards innovative treatment methods for tackling pain at the root.This article summarizes the discovery process,structure and mechanisms of these two receptors and also introduces illnesses caused by receptor mutations,shining light on their role as potential targets for drug development.
作者
刘凌云
LIU Ling-Yun(Hengyang Medical College,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China)
出处
《生物化学与生物物理进展》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第12期1381-1391,共11页
Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics
关键词
瞬时受体电位
温度感受器
触觉感受器
疼痛
transient receptor potential
temperature receptors
touch receptors
pain
