摘要
黑龙江省是中国马铃薯主要生产区之一,马铃薯年种植面积约20万hm^(2)。随着马铃薯主粮化政策的推出,如何提质增效,已是马铃薯产业实现可持续发展亟待解决的问题。试验采用本地主栽品种‘尤金’,以膜下滴灌水肥一体化为核心技术在施用氮肥173.25 kg/hm^(2)和磷肥120 kg/hm^(2)下,设置5个钾肥梯度分别为0,90,180,270和360 kg/hm^(2),研究钾肥对马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明,随着钾肥施入量的不断增加,商品薯重、单株结薯数、单株薯重,呈现先增加后降低的趋势,钾肥施用量在180 kg/hm^(2)时,马铃薯的产量达到最高值为59 620 kg/hm^(2),增产23.11%,块茎钾肥利用率为46.88%。产量最高时,马铃薯的干物质含量与淀粉含量最高。运用一元二次方程模型推算出,理论钾肥最高施肥量为200.30 kg/hm^(2),理论最高产量59 758 kg/hm^(2)。研究建立通用的施肥模型,制定合理的肥料调控方案。
Heilongjiang Province is one of the main potato production areas in China,with an annual potato planting area of about 200 000 ha.With the introduction of potato staple food policy,how to improve quality and efficiency has become an urgent problem to be solved for the sustainable development of potato industry.In this study,the main loca variety’Youjin’was selected as the test material and the core technology was the integration of water and fertilizer under film drip irrigation.Under the application of 173.25 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer (N) and 120 kg/ha phosphorus fertilizer(P;O;),five potassium fertilizer (K;O) gradients were set as 0,90,180,270 and 360 kg/ha,respectively,and studied for their effects on potato yield.With increasing potassium fertilizer application rate,the weight of marketable tuber,number of tubers per plant and weight of tuber per plant increased first and then decreased.When the potassium fertilizer application rate was 180 kg/ha,the yield of potato reached the highest value of 59 620 kg/ha,increasing by 23.11%,and the potassium fertilizer utilization rate in tuber was 46.88%.When the yield was the highest,the dry matter content and starch content of potato were the highest,too.Calculated by using the univariate quadratic equation model,the maximum theoretical potassium fertilizer application rate was 200.30 kg/ha,and the theoretical maximum yield was59 758 kg/ha.In this study,a general fertilization model was established,and a reasonable nutrient regulation scheme was formulated.
作者
华玉晨
范书华
董清山
解国庆
王艳
赵云彤
张丽微
HUA Yuchen;FAN Shuhua;DONG Qingshan;XIE Guoqing;WANG Yan;ZHAO Yuntong;ZHANG Liwei(Mudanjiang Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mudanjiang,Heilongjiang 157000,China)
出处
《中国马铃薯》
2021年第6期554-561,共8页
Chinese Potato Journal
基金
黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX07-10)
黑龙江省农业科学院高效、绿色现代农业示范项目(TGY-2020-05)。
关键词
马铃薯
钾肥
水肥一体化
产量
品质
potato
potassium
water and fertilizer integration
yield
quality
