摘要
在深入实地开展走访调查和问题研究的基础上,就黄河流域水沙调控与防洪相关问题,提出政策建议。由于现行涉水规划依据的水沙条件和洪水设计成果同实际存在一定差距,需要根据新的边界变化确定符合实际的水沙条件,及时修正洪水设计成果及防洪调度指令等,避免编制黄河防御洪水方案或水沙调控方案时,将整个滩区划为行洪、滞洪、沉沙区,并将北金堤与东平湖滞洪区纳入滞洪区。科学治水方略应提倡"上拦下排、槽滩共治",前者体现了1946年以来共产党领导的人民治黄的成功经验,后者强调了河道与滩区必须共同治理。应重视和支持黄河开展重点研发工作,进一步研究能够直接促进黄河治理保护和高质量发展战略实施效果的重大或关键性科技问题,如"三门峡工程辅助小浪底水库防洪运用方式研究",能在来沙大为减少条件下,将水库运用方式调整提升,在秋汛与稀遇洪水来临时,通过三门峡水库限规模短期滞洪,与小浪底水库联合调度进一步控制黄河洪水,降低小浪底大坝和下游防洪安全风险,为下游人民生命财产和高质量发展提供减灾保障;再如"下游窄河段河道工程优化布局对过洪输沙能力提升研究",可利用钢结构异型板桩技术实现局部扩宽与改造,扩大窄河段过洪能力,在明显改善黄河下游防洪体系运行状况的同时,确保窄河段"束水攻沙"效果。
On the basis of in-depth field investigation and problem research, a series of policy suggestions on water and sediment regulation and flood control of the Yellow River Basin were put forward. Since there was a certain gap between the current wading planning and the reality on the water and sediment conditions and flood design results, it is necessary to determine the water and sediment conditions in line with the future reality according to the new boundary changes, and timely revise the basic conditions such as flood design results. It should be avoided to divide the whole beach into flood discharge, flood detention and sediment deposition areas when preparing the flood prevention scheme or water and sediment regulation scheme of the Yellow River, and to include the flood detention areas of Beijindi and Dongping Lake into the flood detention area. The scientific water control strategy should advocate the “block up and drain down, and govern the channel and beach together”. The former reflects the successful experience of the people′s governance of the Yellow River under the leadership of the Communist Party since 1946, and the latter emphasizes the need for coordinated governance of river courses and beach areas. Key research and development plan of Yellow River Basin should be carried out and major or key scientific and technological issues directly related to the implementation effect of the Yellow River governance and protection and high-quality development strategy should be studied. Such as “Research on the flood control operation mode of Xiaolangdi Reservoir assisted by Sanmenxia Project”, under the condition of greatly reducing sediment inflow, the operation mode of the reservoir can be adjusted and improved. When autumn flood and rare flood come, it is not difficult to help Xiaolangdi reservoir further control the flood of the Yellow River, reduce the flood control safety risk of Xiaolangdi dam and downstream, and provide disaster reduction guarantee for people′s lives and property and high-
作者
张红武
李琳琪
彭昊
侯琳
ZHANG Hongwu;LI Linqi;PENG Hao;HOU Lin(Yellow River Research Center,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China)
出处
《水利水电技术（中英文）》
北大核心
2021年第12期60-68,共9页
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402500)。
关键词
黄河
治理
保护
水沙调控
防洪
高质量发展
Yellow River
governance
protection
water and sediment regulation
flood control
high-quality development
