摘要
当球体在空气中高速旋转时,由于马格努斯效应,球体会受到横向的马格努斯力的作用,其运动轨迹会发生弯曲而偏离正常的抛物线的现象。通过对球类运动项目中马格努斯效应产生的原理进行分析、推理和研究,建立了三个球体运动模型:一是不考虑空气阻力和马格努斯力,只受重力影响的理想模型;二是不考虑旋转,即没有马格努斯力,但是考虑空气阻力的较为实际的球体运动模型;三是在第二种模型的基础上再加上球体上旋引起的马格努斯力的影响,并对三个模型都做了一定的数学分析计算,得到了每个模型在水平x方向和竖直y方向的速度v和位移随时间的关系表达式,从动力学方程出发,综合考虑空气对球体运动的阻力作用和马格努斯效应,对空中同时做平动和转动的球体做受力分析,从而研究得到跳发上旋球时排球运动的弧线方程,进而可以算出偏移量。根据理论计算结果,我们可以结合实际情形,给出具有针对性的排球的教学和训练指导,以加强训练效果,提高专项运动技术水平。
When the ball rotates at high speed in the air,due to the Magnus effect,the ball will be affected by the transverse Magnus force,and its trajectory will bend and deviate from the normal parabola.Based on the analysis,reasoning and research of the principle of Magnus effect in ball games,this paper establishes three ball motion models:one is the ideal model which is only affected by gravity without considering air resistance and Magnus force;the other is the more practical ball motion model which does not consider rotation,that is,without Magnus force,but considering air resistance;the third is the more practical ball motion model in the third part On the basis of the two models and the influence of Magnus force caused by the upward rotation of the sphere,the mathematical analysis and calculation of the three models are carried out,and the expressions of the relationship between the velocity V and displacement of each model in the horizontal X direction and vertical Y direction with time are obtained.Starting from the dynamic method,the resistance effect of the air on the sphere motion and the Magnus effect are comprehensively considered At the same time do translation and rotation of the ball to do force analysis,so as to get the arc equation of volleyball movement when jump serve topspin ball,and then can calculate the offset.According to the results of theoretical calculation,we can combine with the actual situation,give targeted volleyball teaching and training guidance,in order to strengthen the training effect and improve the technical level of special sports.
作者
司友志
金稳
SI Youzhi;JIN Wen(University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,Anhui,China)
出处
《山东体育科技》
2021年第6期57-63,共7页
Shandong Sports Science & Technology
关键词
马格努斯效应
伯努利定律
球速
旋转速度
运动轨迹方程
偏移量
排球
Magnus effect
Bernoulli's law
ball speed
rotational speed
motion trajectory equation
offset
volleyball
