摘要
近年来美国中小学教师短缺问题日益严重,全国不合格教师所占比例上升,各州教师短缺严重程度不均,少数族裔比例高的学校教师短缺最为严重,学科教师结构性短缺问题十分突出。究其原因,新教师培养不足、外来学龄人口增加、学校政策制度不健全、职业压力大等是造成教师短缺的主要因素。为此,各州纷纷采取了发展选择性教师认证项目、实施教师候选人奖励政策、强化专业发展指导与培训、构建支持性工作环境等主要应对策略,以缓解教师短缺所带来的不利影响。
In recent years,the teacher shortage of primary and secondary school in the United States has become increasingly serious,such as the proportion of unqualified teachers has risen on a national scale,nearly all states have teacher shortage in varying degrees,and the teacher shortage is worst especially in the schools with high minority populations.Meanwhile the problem of teacher structural shortage by teaching field and subject is prominent.The main factors cause the teacher shortage in United states are the shortage of new teacher supply,the increase in the migrant school-age population,the dysfunctional school policy system,the occupational stress of teachers and so on.In order to ease the adverse effects of teacher shortage,different states have taken a number of copying strategies,such as developing alternative teacher certification programs,implementing the teacher candidate rewarding policy,strengthening teacher professional development guidance and training,and building supportive work environments for teachers.
作者
黄建辉
汤可
HUANG Jian-hui;TANG Ke
出处
《天津市教科院学报》
2022年第1期76-83,共8页
Journal of Tianjin Academy of Educational Science
基金
江西师范大学教学改革研究课题“基于实践取向的新师范人才培养模式改革与实践”(JXSDJG1904)
江西师范大学学位与研究生教育教学改革项目“基于专家型教师成长需求的教育硕士专业学位研究生协同创新培养模式研究”(YJG201702)。
关键词
中小学教师短缺
治理路径
美国
shortage of teachers in primary and secondary schools
America
governance paths
